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Pharmacology Quiz 1 & Misc Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of drug is Diazepam?

A

Benzodiazepine

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2
Q

Where is the location of action for benzodiazepines?

What is their function?

A

between the alpha and gamma subunits of GABA Receptors

  • act as allosteric enhancers
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3
Q

What does the alpha one subunit cause

A

hypnotic/anticonvulsant

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4
Q

What does alpha 2 and 3 subunits cause

A

anxiolytic effects

major desired target

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5
Q

what does alpha 5 subunit cause

A

tolerance

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6
Q

What type of anxiolytic/sedative is buspirone?

A

Azapirones/

5HT1A agonist

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7
Q

What is first line for anxiety disorders?

A

SSRIs and SNRIs

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8
Q

D cycloserine

A

Binds to NMDA receptor

- allows for improved learning during exposure therapy

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9
Q

MOA of Suvorexant

A

dual orexin receptor antagonist

- can cause daytime somnolence

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10
Q

What is the most prevalent mental disorder?

A

Anxiety

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11
Q

What do antipsychotic medications block in schizophrenia?

A

D2 receptors

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12
Q

What is second line medication for schizophrenia?

A

Olanzapine

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13
Q

What is third line medication for schizophrenia?

A

Clozapine

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14
Q

What results with the blockage of D2 receptors?

what pathway is it affecting?

A

Prolactin elevation

tubers-infundibular system

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15
Q

What two pharmacological drugs cause prolactin elevation

A

Risperidone and Paliperidone

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16
Q

Ritalin type and release mechanism

A

Methylphenidate

Immediate-release (effects =30-60min)

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17
Q

What is the MOA of amphetamines in ADHD treatment?

A

increase levels of Dopamine and NE, inhibit VMAT2, MAO

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18
Q

What kind of drug is lisdexamfetamine

A

amphetamine and treats ADHD

- stable levels

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19
Q

What kind of drug is clonidine?

What side effects can it cause?

A

alpha 2 agonist

sedation and hypotension

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20
Q

What kind of drug is guanfacine?

A

alpha 2 agonist

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21
Q

What kind of drug is intuniv?

A

alpha 2 agonist

extended release

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22
Q

What kind of drug is Atomoxetine?

Major toxic effect?

What CYP does it interact with?

A

Selective NE reuptake inhibitor

  • hepatotoxicity
  • CYP450 2D6
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23
Q

What dopamine receptors are in the D1 class?

What is their function?

A

D1 and D5

increase cAMP (Gs)

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24
Q

What dopamine receptors are in the D2 class?

what is their function

A

D2, D3, D4

decrease cAMP (Gi)

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25
Clozapine type of drug and main side effect
Atypical AP - agranulocytosis
26
Olanzapine type of drug and side effects
Atypical AP - metabolic syndrome (quick)
27
Risperidone type of drug and side effects
Atypical AP select D3 -hyperprolactinaemia
28
Quetiapine type of drug and side effects
Preferred antipsychotic - dizzy, orthostatic hypotension, cataracts
29
Ariprprazole type of drug and side effects
preferred AP; partial D2 agonist and 5HTaA agonist - can be used in bipolar
30
Ziprasidone
better antidepressant (Atypical AP) - useful in Alzheimers
31
Iloperidone
Atypical AP - less weight gain, hypotenson
32
MOA of Methylphenidate/Cocaine
block the DAT, SERT, and NET | - cocaine = +Na channel blocker (cardiac arrest)
33
Ephedrine MOA and description
alpha/beta adrenoreceptor agonist - stimulant affecting NE - used for asthma
34
Yohimbine MOA | and use
alpha 2antagonist and MAO inhibitor | - arousal from surgery
35
Disulfiram MOA
inhibit acetaldehyde dehydrogenase | - GABA A receptor effector
36
What CYP variant is involved with caffeine?
CYP1A2
37
Irdabisant MOA
Stimulant | - H3 antagonists (presynaptic)
38
Modafinil MOA what's an important off label use?
inhibits transporters - promote wakefulness opiate and cocaine addiction
39
Esketamine MOA
NDMA receptor antagonist for acute suicidality /resistant depression
40
What kind of drug is Fluoxetine?
SSRI
41
What kind of drug is sertraline?
SSRI
42
What kind of drug is citalopram?
SSRI
43
What kind of drug is Venlafaxine?
SNRI
44
What kind of drug is Desvenlafaxine?
SNRI
45
What kind of drug is Duloxetine?
SNRI
46
What kind of drug is Mirtazepine?
Atypical Antidepressant
47
What type of drug is Trazodone?
Atypical Antidepressant
48
What kind of drug is Phenelzine?
MAOI
49
What kind of drug is Tranylcypromine?
MAOI
50
Where are Mu 1 receptors located? What do they signal?
outside the spinal cord central pain
51
Where are the Mu 2 receptors located? What do they signal?
throughout the entire CNS respiratory dependence
52
What kind of effects do K receptors cause?
Dysphoric effects
53
What kind of effects do delta receptors cause?
analgesic
54
What peptide has the most affinity for Mu opioid receptors?
Endorphins
55
What peptide has the most affinity for Delta opioid receptors?
Enkephalins
56
What peptide has the most affinity for kappa opioid receptors?
Dynorphins
57
What is fentanyl used for?
primary anesthetic for cardiac surgery patients
58
What major side effect is Methadone involved with?
prolonged QT effect
59
What is buprenorphine used for? MOA?
opioid addiction U agonist, K and d antagonist
60
What is butorphanol used for? MOA?
labor pain u partial agonist, k agonist
61
What is the mechanism of Memantine and what does it treat?
uncompetitive blockade of NMDA receptors Alzheimers Disease
62
What would you prescribe for sleep disturbances in an Alzheimer's patient?
Trazodone
63
What kind of drug is Tacrine and what does it treat?
ACEI Alzheimers Disease
64
What kind of drug is Donepezil and what does it treat?
ACEI Vascular dementia
65
What kind of drug is Rivastigmine and what does it treat?
ACEI Lewy body dementia
66
What kind of drug is galantamine and what does it treat?
ACEI, nicotinic modulator Alzheimers Disease
67
What is treximet a mix of and what does it treat?
Sumatriptan and Naproxen Migraines
68
What is the MOA of Methysergide?
Antagonize 5HT2 receptors | -treat migraines
69
What is the MOA of Dihydroergotamine?
partial Antagonist of alpha, partial antagonist of 5HT1 | - treat migraines
70
What is the MOA of Bromocriptine?
Dopamine agonist | - treat migraine
71
What is the MOA of Methysergide?
5HT2 receptor antagonist
72
What is the MOA of Sumatriptan?
5HT 1B/1D agonist | - closes carotid anastomoses
73
What is the main use of Zolmitriptan?
Menstrual cycle related migraines
74
MOA of Treximet?
5HT 1B/1D agonist and NSAID | - constrict basilar artery and vasculature
75
Erenumab MOA
block activity of calcitonin gene related peptide | - migraine prevention
76
Emgality MOA
bind to CRGP and block binding to the receptor
77
What can be used to treat essential tremor?
Propranolol, Primidone, or alcohol for a temporary fix
78
What property of Ethambutol causes adverse effects on human cells?
chelating properties
79
What is the key sign for Hydroxychloroquine toxicity in the retina?
Bulls eye | - destruction of macular rods and cones (fovea sparing)

CNS (7 decks)

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