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CNS > Pharmacology Quiz 1 & Misc > Flashcards

Pharmacology Quiz 1 & Misc Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of drug is Diazepam?

A

Benzodiazepine

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2
Q

Where is the location of action for benzodiazepines?

What is their function?

A

between the alpha and gamma subunits of GABA Receptors

  • act as allosteric enhancers
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3
Q

What does the alpha one subunit cause

A

hypnotic/anticonvulsant

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4
Q

What does alpha 2 and 3 subunits cause

A

anxiolytic effects

major desired target

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5
Q

what does alpha 5 subunit cause

A

tolerance

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6
Q

What type of anxiolytic/sedative is buspirone?

A

Azapirones/

5HT1A agonist

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7
Q

What is first line for anxiety disorders?

A

SSRIs and SNRIs

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8
Q

D cycloserine

A

Binds to NMDA receptor

- allows for improved learning during exposure therapy

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9
Q

MOA of Suvorexant

A

dual orexin receptor antagonist

- can cause daytime somnolence

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10
Q

What is the most prevalent mental disorder?

A

Anxiety

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11
Q

What do antipsychotic medications block in schizophrenia?

A

D2 receptors

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12
Q

What is second line medication for schizophrenia?

A

Olanzapine

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13
Q

What is third line medication for schizophrenia?

A

Clozapine

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14
Q

What results with the blockage of D2 receptors?

what pathway is it affecting?

A

Prolactin elevation

tubers-infundibular system

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15
Q

What two pharmacological drugs cause prolactin elevation

A

Risperidone and Paliperidone

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16
Q

Ritalin type and release mechanism

A

Methylphenidate

Immediate-release (effects =30-60min)

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17
Q

What is the MOA of amphetamines in ADHD treatment?

A

increase levels of Dopamine and NE, inhibit VMAT2, MAO

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18
Q

What kind of drug is lisdexamfetamine

A

amphetamine and treats ADHD

- stable levels

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19
Q

What kind of drug is clonidine?

What side effects can it cause?

A

alpha 2 agonist

sedation and hypotension

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20
Q

What kind of drug is guanfacine?

A

alpha 2 agonist

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21
Q

What kind of drug is intuniv?

A

alpha 2 agonist

extended release

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22
Q

What kind of drug is Atomoxetine?

Major toxic effect?

What CYP does it interact with?

A

Selective NE reuptake inhibitor

  • hepatotoxicity
  • CYP450 2D6
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23
Q

What dopamine receptors are in the D1 class?

What is their function?

A

D1 and D5

increase cAMP (Gs)

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24
Q

What dopamine receptors are in the D2 class?

what is their function

A

D2, D3, D4

decrease cAMP (Gi)

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25
Q

Clozapine type of drug and main side effect

A

Atypical AP

  • agranulocytosis
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26
Q

Olanzapine type of drug and side effects

A

Atypical AP

  • metabolic syndrome (quick)
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27
Q

Risperidone type of drug and side effects

A

Atypical AP select D3

-hyperprolactinaemia

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28
Q

Quetiapine type of drug and side effects

A

Preferred antipsychotic

  • dizzy, orthostatic hypotension, cataracts
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29
Q

Ariprprazole type of drug and side effects

A

preferred AP; partial D2 agonist and 5HTaA agonist

  • can be used in bipolar
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30
Q

Ziprasidone

A

better antidepressant (Atypical AP)

  • useful in Alzheimers
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31
Q

Iloperidone

A

Atypical AP

  • less weight gain, hypotenson
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32
Q

MOA of Methylphenidate/Cocaine

A

block the DAT, SERT, and NET

- cocaine = +Na channel blocker (cardiac arrest)

33
Q

Ephedrine MOA and description

A

alpha/beta adrenoreceptor agonist

  • stimulant affecting NE
  • used for asthma
34
Q

Yohimbine MOA

and use

A

alpha 2antagonist and MAO inhibitor

- arousal from surgery

35
Q

Disulfiram MOA

A

inhibit acetaldehyde dehydrogenase

- GABA A receptor effector

36
Q

What CYP variant is involved with caffeine?

A

CYP1A2

37
Q

Irdabisant MOA

A

Stimulant

- H3 antagonists (presynaptic)

38
Q

Modafinil MOA

what’s an important off label use?

A

inhibits transporters
- promote wakefulness

opiate and cocaine addiction

39
Q

Esketamine MOA

A

NDMA receptor antagonist for acute suicidality /resistant depression

40
Q

What kind of drug is Fluoxetine?

A

SSRI

41
Q

What kind of drug is sertraline?

A

SSRI

42
Q

What kind of drug is citalopram?

A

SSRI

43
Q

What kind of drug is Venlafaxine?

A

SNRI

44
Q

What kind of drug is Desvenlafaxine?

A

SNRI

45
Q

What kind of drug is Duloxetine?

A

SNRI

46
Q

What kind of drug is Mirtazepine?

A

Atypical Antidepressant

47
Q

What type of drug is Trazodone?

A

Atypical Antidepressant

48
Q

What kind of drug is Phenelzine?

A

MAOI

49
Q

What kind of drug is Tranylcypromine?

A

MAOI

50
Q

Where are Mu 1 receptors located?

What do they signal?

A

outside the spinal cord

central pain

51
Q

Where are the Mu 2 receptors located?

What do they signal?

A

throughout the entire CNS

respiratory dependence

52
Q

What kind of effects do K receptors cause?

A

Dysphoric effects

53
Q

What kind of effects do delta receptors cause?

A

analgesic

54
Q

What peptide has the most affinity for Mu opioid receptors?

A

Endorphins

55
Q

What peptide has the most affinity for Delta opioid receptors?

A

Enkephalins

56
Q

What peptide has the most affinity for kappa opioid receptors?

A

Dynorphins

57
Q

What is fentanyl used for?

A

primary anesthetic for cardiac surgery patients

58
Q

What major side effect is Methadone involved with?

A

prolonged QT effect

59
Q

What is buprenorphine used for?

MOA?

A

opioid addiction

U agonist, K and d antagonist

60
Q

What is butorphanol used for?

MOA?

A

labor pain

u partial agonist, k agonist

61
Q

What is the mechanism of Memantine and what does it treat?

A

uncompetitive blockade of NMDA receptors

Alzheimers Disease

62
Q

What would you prescribe for sleep disturbances in an Alzheimer’s patient?

A

Trazodone

63
Q

What kind of drug is Tacrine and what does it treat?

A

ACEI

Alzheimers Disease

64
Q

What kind of drug is Donepezil and what does it treat?

A

ACEI

Vascular dementia

65
Q

What kind of drug is Rivastigmine and what does it treat?

A

ACEI

Lewy body dementia

66
Q

What kind of drug is galantamine and what does it treat?

A

ACEI, nicotinic modulator

Alzheimers Disease

67
Q

What is treximet a mix of and what does it treat?

A

Sumatriptan and Naproxen

Migraines

68
Q

What is the MOA of Methysergide?

A

Antagonize 5HT2 receptors

-treat migraines

69
Q

What is the MOA of Dihydroergotamine?

A

partial Antagonist of alpha, partial antagonist of 5HT1

- treat migraines

70
Q

What is the MOA of Bromocriptine?

A

Dopamine agonist

- treat migraine

71
Q

What is the MOA of Methysergide?

A

5HT2 receptor antagonist

72
Q

What is the MOA of Sumatriptan?

A

5HT 1B/1D agonist

- closes carotid anastomoses

73
Q

What is the main use of Zolmitriptan?

A

Menstrual cycle related migraines

74
Q

MOA of Treximet?

A

5HT 1B/1D agonist and NSAID

- constrict basilar artery and vasculature

75
Q

Erenumab MOA

A

block activity of calcitonin gene related peptide

- migraine prevention

76
Q

Emgality MOA

A

bind to CRGP and block binding to the receptor

77
Q

What can be used to treat essential tremor?

A

Propranolol, Primidone, or alcohol for a temporary fix

78
Q

What property of Ethambutol causes adverse effects on human cells?

A

chelating properties

79
Q

What is the key sign for Hydroxychloroquine toxicity in the retina?

A

Bulls eye

- destruction of macular rods and cones (fovea sparing)

CNS (7 decks)

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