Tumors Flashcards
IMC 606
Histologic features of
Pilocytic astrocytoma
Biphasic
Rosenthal fibers [9c]
GFAP+ [9a]
Histologic features of
Infiltrating Astrocytoma
hypercellular
nuclear atypic
GFAP+
Histologic features of
Anaplastic astrocytoma
Hypercellular
nuclear atypic
GFAP+
**No microvascular proliferation of necrosis **
Bold is differentiator between this and an infiltrating astrocytoma
Histologic features of
Glioblastoma
Hypercellular
nuclear atypic
mitotic acitivity
GFAP+ [13f]
pseudo palisading necrosis [13e] sash
microvascular proliferation [13c] red hair beard moustache
Histological features of
Oligodendroglioma
“Fried egg” neuronal cell bodies (cytotoxic edema) [14e]
Chicken wire capillaries [14f]
Histologic features of
Ependymomas
Perivascular psuedorosettes [11f]
ependymal rosettes [11g]
Histologic features of
Meningiomas
Circumscribed [12d]
Spindle cells
Whorl pattern [12b]
Psammoma bodies [12f/18]
Histologic features of
Medullablastomas
Small roud cells
Homer-Wright rosettes [10i]
Histologic features of
Gangliogliomas
Binucleated ganglion cells
Peripheral Nissl substance
Glia
Calcifications
Glioma with WHO grade I
Pilocytic astrocytoma [9]
Glioma with WHO grade II
Infiltrating Astrocytoma
Oligodendroglioma [14]
Glioma with WHO grade III
Anaplastic Astrocytoma
Glioma with WHO grade IV
Glioblastoma [13]
Name this glioma
Pilocytic Astrocytoma [9c]
Name this glioma
Glioblastoma [13d]
Name this glioma
Glioblastoma [13e]
Name this glioma
Anaplastic Astrocytoma
Name this glioma
Oligodendroglioma [14e] [14f]
Name this glioma
Ependymoma [11]
Symptoms of
Pilocytic Astrocytoma
Cerebellar deficits [5] [6]
Symptoms of
Infiltrating Astrocytoma
New onset seizures
Symptoms of
Anaplastic Astrocytoma
New onset seizures
Headache
Focal signs
Symptoms of
Oligodenroglioma
Seizures [8]
Headache [10]
Focal signs [9]
Symptoms of
Ependymomas
Obstructive hydrocephalus [7]
Headache [2]
Vomiting [5]
Focal signs
Symptoms of
Meningioma
Seizures [8]
Headache [10]
Focal Signs [9]
Symtpoms of
Medulloblastomas
Obstructive hydrocephalus [7]
Headache [2]
Vomiting [5]
Ataxia [6]
Nystagmus
CN VI palsy
Symptoms of
Gangliogliomas
Seizures
What CNS tumors occur in the supratentorial region?
Infiltrating astrocytoma
Oligodendrogliomas
Pediatric CNS tumors: Pilocytic astrocytoma, medulloblastoma, ependymomas
What tumors occur in the meninges
Meningioma [12]
What CNS tumor occurs in the 4th ventricle in children?
Ependymoma [10]
Medulloblastoma [11]
What CNS tumor occurs in the spinal cord in adults?
Ependymoma [11c]
What tumors occur in the hemispheres of the cerebellum?
Glioblastoma
Ganglioglioma
What glioma occurs in the CNS?
Anaplastic astrocytoma
What glioma occurs in the brainstem?
Glioblastoma
What gliomas are common in 30-45 year olds?
Infiltrating Astrocytoma
Anaplastic Astrocytoma
Oligodendrocytoma
What gliomas are common in 8-13 year olds
Pilocytic astrocytoma [9]
What brain tumors are common in children
Pilocytic astrocytoma [9]
Ependymomas [11]
Medulloclastoma [10]
Gangliogliomas
What chromosomes/ proteins are involved in
Tuberous sclerosis
ch9- hamartin [15]
ch16- tuberin [14]
What chromosomes/ proteins are involved in
Sturge Weber
ch9
What genes are involved in
Tuberous Sclerosis
TSC1
TSC2
Clinical features of
Tuberous Sclerosis
Skin lesions [24] [25] [26]
Seizures [22]
Intellectual disability [23]
Clinical features of
Sturge Weber
Seizures [9]
Port wine birthmark [3]
Glaucoma [11]
What gene is involved in
Sturge Weber
GNAQ [4]
What is a Hamartoma?
Benign overgrowth of tissue
What is a Tuber?
Enlarged gyri with disorganized lamination lacking separation between grey and white matter
Pathology seen in
Tuberous Sclerosis
Hamartomas [15]
Cortical tubers [19]
Depigmented nevi
Angiofibromas
Subungual fibromas
Shagreen patches
Subependymal nodules
Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma
Pathology seen in
Sturge Weber
Leptomeningeal angiomas [7]
Cortical calcifications with tram track appearance [13]
Histological features of
Schwannomas
Biphasic
Areas with increased cell density (Antoni A) and lower density (Antoni B).
The Antoni A areas contain Verocay bodies, areas of palisading nuclei with an intervening non-nuclear region.
How are schwannomas related to the genetic defect in neurofibromas
Defects in the NF-2 [17] gene on chromosome 22 [17b] code for the protein merlin [17a]. Merlin is a cell adhesion molecule that suppresses cell growth in crowded cellular environments. Defects in merlin allow uninhibited growth of Schwann cellsm [8].
Where do schwannomas form?
along CN VIII and at the cerebellopontine angle [18]
What are some symptoms of a schwannoma?
vertigo[18c], hearing loss [18b], tinnitus, ear fullness, nausea
Chromosome affected in
NF1
ch17 [2b]
Chromosome affected in
NF2
ch22 [17b]
Protein affected in
NF1
Neurofibromin [4]
Protein affected in
NF2
Merlin [17a]
Inheritance of
NF1
Autosomal dominant [2]
Inheritance of
NF2
Autosomal dominant [17]
Symptoms of
NF1
Lisch nodules [7]
freckling
cafe-au-lait spots [6]
neuro-fibromas
optic nerve gliomas [11]
seizures
learning disabilities
bone deformities [16]
Symptoms of
NF2
Schwannomas [8]
bilateral vestibular schwannomas [18]
cataracts [23a]
meningiomas [23]
