Cerebellum Flashcards
IMC 606
What structures are involved in
Vestibular Ataxia
Labyrinth
CNVII
What structures are involved in
Sensory Ataxia
Doral roots
Dorsal Columns
Peripheral nerves
What structures are involved in
Cerebellar Ataxia
Cerebellum
Cerebellar peduncles
Basilar pons
Crus cerebri
Spinocerebellar tracts
What are the causes of
Vestibular Ataxia
Labyrinthitis
BPPV
Meniere’s Disease
CN VIII disorders
Vestibular Nuclei lesion
What are the causes of
Sensory Ataxia
B12 deficiency
Tabes dorsalis
Peripheral neuropathy
MS
Friedreichs ataxia
Spinocerebellar ataxias
What are the causes of
Cerebellar Ataxia
Tumors
Infarcts
MS
Chronic alcoholism
Friedreichs ataxia
Spinocerebellar ataxias
What are the deficits in
Vestibular Ataxia
Loss of balance
nystagmus
vertigo
nausea
possible hearing loss
What are the deficits in
Sensory ataxia
Loss of balance
Wide-based gait
What are some deficits in
Cerebellar Ataxia
Loss of balance
Wide-based gait
Truncal ataxia
Limb ataxia
Dysmetria
Kinetic tremor
Dysdiadochokinesia
Dysarthria
Nystagmus
What are unique signs in
Vestibular ataxia
Intense vertigo
Hearing Loss
What are unique signs in
Sensory Ataxia
Loss of proprioception
Romberg Sign
NO vertigo
What are some unique signs in
Cerebellar Ataxia
Limb ataxia
Dysarthria
Brainstem signs
What type of ataxia has
Intense vertigo
Vestibular Ataxia
What type of ataxia has a
Positive Romberg sign
Sensory ataxia
What type of ataxia has a
Kinetic tremor
Cerebellar ataxia
What type ofataxia has
Nystagmus
Vestibular and Cerebellar
What protein is involved in
Friedreich Ataxia
Frataxin
What gene is involved in
Friedreich Ataxia
FXN
What genetic defect is involved in
Friedreich ataxia
GAA trinucleotide repeats
What organelle is affected in
Friedreich ataxia
Mitochondria
iron binding defect
What CNS structures are involved in
Friedreich ataxia
Dorsal columns
Spinocerebellar tracts
What are the symptoms of
Friedreich ataxia
Truncal and limb ataxias
Define
Dysdiadochokinesia
inability to perform rapid, alternating/coordinated movements
Define
Dysmetria
inaccurate measurement of movement, as in extending a limb out to touch an object
Define
Dysarthria
difficulty controlling/coordinating muscles involved in speech. Speech comprehension, use, and amount are normal, but words may be slurred or indistinct.
Define
Intention (Kinetic) tremor
A tremor that is associated with movement (muscle use), but does not occur at rest without muscle contraction.
Define
Unconscious proprioception
proprioceptive information from the dorsal columns that is routed to the cerebellum instead of to postcentral gyrus. It is used for adjusting movement rather than (conscious) perception of body position.
What body parts are controlled by the
Flocculus and nodulus
Eyes
Extensor muscles
What body parts are controlled by the
Vermis
Trunk
Axial Muscles
What parts of the body are controlled by the
Cerebellar Hemispheres
Limbs
What is the function of the
Flocculus and nodulus
Control vestibular nuclei
What is the function of the
Vermis
Control trunk posture and movement
What is the function of the
Cerebellar Hemispheres
Control limb movement
What are symptoms of deficits in the
Cerebellar hemispheres
Limb ataxia
What are symptoms of deficits in the
Vermis
Truncal ataxia
What are symptoms of deficits in the
Flocculus and nodulus
Vertigo
Nystagmus
Loss of balance
Nausea
What is the significance of the cerebrocerebellar circuit
These tracts supply proprioceptive information to the cerebellum
to adjust movements of the limbs and trunk
Do the spinocerebellar tracts connect to the ipsilateral or contralateral cerebellum?
Ipsilateral
Describe/draw the cerebrocerebellar circuit and show why the cerebellar hemisphere controls ipsilateral limb movements.
The cerebrocerebellar circuit starts and ends on motor cortex on
the same side (double crossing). From there, the corticospinal tract
begins and eventually crosses in the spinal cord to supply LMNs on
the opposite side (the same side as the involved cerebellum).
Indicate the major locations where lesions would interrupt the circuit to cause limb ataxia.
Explain the significance of the spinocerebellar tracts.
These tracts supply proprioceptive information to the cerebellum
Do
these tracts connect to the ipsilateral or contralateral cerebellum?
Ipsilateral
What are the deficits caused by lesions of spinocerebellar tracts?
Ataxia – involving loss of coordination of trunk and limb movements.
