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IMC606: Neurology > Cerebellum > Flashcards

Cerebellum Flashcards

IMC 606

1
Q

What structures are involved in

Vestibular Ataxia

A

Labyrinth
CNVII

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2
Q

What structures are involved in

Sensory Ataxia

A

Doral roots
Dorsal Columns
Peripheral nerves

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3
Q

What structures are involved in

Cerebellar Ataxia

A

Cerebellum
Cerebellar peduncles
Basilar pons
Crus cerebri
Spinocerebellar tracts

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4
Q

What are the causes of

Vestibular Ataxia

A

Labyrinthitis
BPPV
Meniere’s Disease
CN VIII disorders
Vestibular Nuclei lesion

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5
Q

What are the causes of

Sensory Ataxia

A

B12 deficiency
Tabes dorsalis
Peripheral neuropathy
MS
Friedreichs ataxia
Spinocerebellar ataxias

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6
Q

What are the causes of

Cerebellar Ataxia

A

Tumors
Infarcts
MS
Chronic alcoholism
Friedreichs ataxia
Spinocerebellar ataxias

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7
Q

What are the deficits in

Vestibular Ataxia

A

Loss of balance
nystagmus
vertigo
nausea
possible hearing loss

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8
Q

What are the deficits in

Sensory ataxia

A

Loss of balance
Wide-based gait

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9
Q

What are some deficits in

Cerebellar Ataxia

A

Loss of balance
Wide-based gait
Truncal ataxia
Limb ataxia
Dysmetria
Kinetic tremor
Dysdiadochokinesia
Dysarthria
Nystagmus

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10
Q

What are unique signs in

Vestibular ataxia

A

Intense vertigo
Hearing Loss

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11
Q

What are unique signs in

Sensory Ataxia

A

Loss of proprioception
Romberg Sign
NO vertigo

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12
Q

What are some unique signs in

Cerebellar Ataxia

A

Limb ataxia
Dysarthria
Brainstem signs

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13
Q

What type of ataxia has

Intense vertigo

A

Vestibular Ataxia

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14
Q

What type of ataxia has a

Positive Romberg sign

A

Sensory ataxia

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15
Q

What type of ataxia has a

Kinetic tremor

A

Cerebellar ataxia

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16
Q

What type ofataxia has

Nystagmus

A

Vestibular and Cerebellar

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17
Q

What protein is involved in

Friedreich Ataxia

A

Frataxin

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18
Q

What gene is involved in

Friedreich Ataxia

A

FXN

19
Q

What genetic defect is involved in

Friedreich ataxia

A

GAA trinucleotide repeats

20
Q

What organelle is affected in

Friedreich ataxia

A

Mitochondria
iron binding defect

21
Q

What CNS structures are involved in

Friedreich ataxia

A

Dorsal columns
Spinocerebellar tracts

22
Q

What are the symptoms of

Friedreich ataxia

A

Truncal and limb ataxias

23
Q

Define

Dysdiadochokinesia

A

inability to perform rapid, alternating/coordinated movements

24
Q

Define

Dysmetria

A

inaccurate measurement of movement, as in extending a limb out to touch an object

25
Q

Define

Dysarthria

A

difficulty controlling/coordinating muscles involved in speech. Speech comprehension, use, and amount are normal, but words may be slurred or indistinct.

26
Q

Define

Intention (Kinetic) tremor

A

A tremor that is associated with movement (muscle use), but does not occur at rest without muscle contraction.

27
Q

Define

Unconscious proprioception

A

proprioceptive information from the dorsal columns that is routed to the cerebellum instead of to postcentral gyrus. It is used for adjusting movement rather than (conscious) perception of body position.

28
Q

What body parts are controlled by the

Flocculus and nodulus

A

Eyes
Extensor muscles

29
Q

What body parts are controlled by the

Vermis

A

Trunk
Axial Muscles

30
Q

What parts of the body are controlled by the

Cerebellar Hemispheres

A

Limbs

31
Q

What is the function of the

Flocculus and nodulus

A

Control vestibular nuclei

32
Q

What is the function of the

Vermis

A

Control trunk posture and movement

33
Q

What is the function of the

Cerebellar Hemispheres

A

Control limb movement

34
Q

What are symptoms of deficits in the

Cerebellar hemispheres

A

Limb ataxia

35
Q

What are symptoms of deficits in the

Vermis

A

Truncal ataxia

36
Q

What are symptoms of deficits in the

Flocculus and nodulus

A

Vertigo
Nystagmus
Loss of balance
Nausea

37
Q

What is the significance of the cerebrocerebellar circuit

A

These tracts supply proprioceptive information to the cerebellum
to adjust movements of the limbs and trunk

38
Q

Do the spinocerebellar tracts connect to the ipsilateral or contralateral cerebellum?

A

Ipsilateral

39
Q

Describe/draw the cerebrocerebellar circuit and show why the cerebellar hemisphere controls ipsilateral limb movements.

A

The cerebrocerebellar circuit starts and ends on motor cortex on
the same side (double crossing). From there, the corticospinal tract
begins and eventually crosses in the spinal cord to supply LMNs on
the opposite side (the same side as the involved cerebellum).

40
Q

Indicate the major locations where lesions would interrupt the circuit to cause limb ataxia.

A
41
Q

Explain the significance of the spinocerebellar tracts.

A

These tracts supply proprioceptive information to the cerebellum

42
Q

Do
these tracts connect to the ipsilateral or contralateral cerebellum?

A

Ipsilateral

43
Q

What are the deficits caused by lesions of spinocerebellar tracts?

A

Ataxia – involving loss of coordination of trunk and limb movements.

IMC606: Neurology (11 decks)

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