Blood Supply Flashcards
IMC 606
Blood Vessel/ Area involved in
Wernicke/ Receptive Aphasia
RLA- superior posterior temporal lobe; MCA inferior branch
Blood vessel/ Area involved in
Transcortical Sensory Aphasia
Adjacent to RLA; MCA/PCA watershed
Blood Vessel/ Area involved in
Conduction Aphasia
Superior longitudinal fasc/arcuate fas (region connecting broca and wernicke)
No issues with comprehension, issues with repetition
Blood vessel/ Area involved in
Anomic Aphasia
Many cortical areas
Blood Vessel/ Area involved in
Broca/ Expressive Aphasia
ELA- Posterior inferior frontal gyrus; MCA
Blood Vessel/ Area involved in
Transcortical Motor Aphasia
Medial frontal lobe near ELA; ACA/MCA watershed area
Blood Vessel/ Area involved in
Mixed Cortical Aphasia
Multiple areas; ACA/MCA/PCA watershed areas
Blood Vessel/ Area involved in
Global Aphasia
ELA, RLA, SLF/arcuate fasc.; MCA
Abilities impaired by
Wernicke/ Receptive Aphasia
Reading and Writing is impaired
Comprehension of speech is impaired
Fluency and speaking may be normal
Abilities impaired by
Conduction Aphasia
Speech impairment
Repetition impairment
Impaired naming ability
Otherwise fluent and grammatical speech
Abilities impaired in
Broca/ Expression Aphasia
Comprehension
Reading
Writing
Repetition
Define
Aphasia
A cognitive language disorder. It involves a deficit in the construction, syntax, grammatical rules, or comprehension of language. Patients have the inability to speak or produce speech with correct syntax or inability to understand language. This extends to all types of language including spoken, written, or sign language.
Define
Dysarthria
A disorder of the mechanics of speech involving the muscles and structures of the vocal apparatus (lips, tongue, pharynx, vocal cords) or their nerve supply. Impaired coordination of those muscles due to cerebellar lesions is also considered a mechanical disruption of language.
Name dural venous sinus
A
Superior sagittal sinus
Name dural venous sinus
B
Straight sinus
Name dural venous sinus
C
Transverse Sinus
Name dural venous sinus
D
Sigmoid Sinus
Name vein
E
Internal Jugular vein
Name vein
F
Internal Jugular vein
Name dural venous sinus
G
Sigmoid sinus
Name dural venous sinus
H
Transverse Sinus
Name dural venous sinus
I
Straight sinus
Name dural venous sinus
J
Superior sagittal sinus
Name dural venous sinus
K
Superior sagittal sinus
Name dural venous sinus
L
Transverse sinus
Name dural venous sinus
M
Sigmoid Sinus
Name vein
N
Internal Jugular v
Describe the drainage of venous blood from the brain.
Cerebral veins -> dural venous sinuses -> internal jugular vein
What structures are located in the cavernous sinus?
Internal carotid artery, CN III, IV, VI, V1, V2
What are the consequences of thrombosis of the superior sagittal sinus?
Backpressure in the venous system causing hemorrhage and infarcts; increased intracranial pressure due to blockage of CSF drainage.
What are the warning signs of superior sagittal sinus thrombosis in pregnancy?
New onset severe headache and seizures.
Describe how the blood supply to the homunculus area for the leg differs from the supply to the upper body and face.
The sensory/motor area for the leg is in the paracentral lobule on the medial surface of the hemisphere. That area is supplied by the anterior cerebral artery. The area for the upper body and face is on the lateral surface supplied by the middle cerebral artery.
What is meant by a watershed infarct? What condition causes it?
This is a region of ischemia located at the terminal branches where 2 major blood vessels meet. Periods of hypotension result in reduced perfusion of blood especially at these distal ends of the blood supply for these vessels, causing infarct of the tissue.
What type of vessel is involved in lacunar strokes?
Lacunar strokes involve long, narrow arteries that supply small territories in the CNS. Blockage of these vessels cause infarcts involving small volumes of nervous tissue.
What structures/areas are at highest risk for hemorrhagic strokes?
Basal Ganglia, thalamus, pons, cerebellum. These areas are supplied by long narrow vessels that are particularly sensitive to chronic hypertension.
Where are Berry aneurysms typically located and what vessels are they associated with?
They are located at branch points of vessels typically around the Circle of Willis. They are associated with the ACA, MCA, PCA, ACommA, PCommA.
Name blood vessel
A
ACA
Name blood vessel
B
MCA
Name blood vessel
C
ICA
Name blood vessel
D
ACA
Name blood vessel
E
MCA
Name blood vessel
F
ICA
Territory of the
Anterior cerebral artery
Medial surface of hemispheres
Territory of the
Middle Cerebral artery
Lateral surface of hemispheres
Territory of the
Lenticulostriate arteries (via MCA)
Deep areas of cerebral hemispheres
Territory of the
Ophthalmic artery (via internal carotid)
Eye
Territory of the
Anterior Choroidal artery
Temporal lobe, Post Limb IC
Territory of the
Vertebral Artery
Posterolateral surface of rostral medulla, brainstem, spinal cord, cerebellum
Territory of the
Posterior Cerebral Artery
Inferior surface temporal lobe, medial surface occipital lobe, midbrain
Territory of the
Superior Cerebellar artery
posterolateral midbrain
Territory of the
Basilar artery
Pons
Territory of the
AICA
Lateral aspect of caudal pons
Territory of the
PICA
Posterolateral surface of the rostral medulla
Territory of the
Anterior Spinal artery
Medial aspect of medulla; anterior surface of spinal cord
Territory of the
Posterior Spinal Artery
Posterolateral surface of caudal medulla, posterior aspect of spinal cord
Major structures supplied by
Anterior Cerebral Artery
Motor/sensory areas for leg and foot, micturition
Major structures supplied by
Middle Cerebral Artery
Motor/sensory areas for head, trunk, arm; language areas, frontal eye fields
Major structures supplied by
Lenticulostriate arteries (via MCA)
Internal capsule, BG
Major structures supplied by
Ophthalmic artery (via internal carotid)
retina
Major structures supplied by
Anterior Choroidal artery
Hippocampus, amygdala, Post Limb IC, LGN
Major structures supplied by
Vertebral Artery
Major branches to brainstem, cerebellum, spinal cord
Major structures supplied by
Posterior Cerebral artery
Visual cortex; midbrain (crus cerebri, sub nigra, red nuc, med Lem, VTT, ALS)
Major structures supplied by
Superior Cerebellar artery
Superior/inferior colliculi, cerebellum
Major structures supplied by
Basilar artery
All sensory, motor tracts
Major structures supplied by
AICA
facial nuc, inner ear, cerebellum
Major structures supplied by
PICA
Vest nuc, Inf crblr ped, SpTrigemTrct/nuc, Nuc Ambiguous, ALS, symp fibers, cerebellum
Major structures supplied by
Anterior Spinal Artery
Pyramid, ML; spinal cord (LCST, ALS)
Major structures supplied by
Posterior Spinal Artery
SpTrigem tract/nuc, Nuc cuneatus/gracilis; spinal cord (dorsal columns)
What artery supplies
CN II
Ophthalmic artery
What artery supplies
CN III
Posterior Cerebral artery
What artery supplies
CN IV
Superior Cerebellar artery
What artery supplies
CN V, VI, VII
Basilar artery
What artery supplies
CN VII, VIII
AICA
What artery supplies
Nuc Ambiguus (IX,X)
PICA
What artery supplies
CN XII
Anterior Spinal artery
What is
Transcortical motor aphasia
Nonfluent aphasia with halting and stopping
Good repetition skills
