Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

IMC606: Neurology > Stroke > Flashcards

Stroke Flashcards

IMC 606

1
Q

Function of the

Frontal Lobe

A

Executive Functions
Frontal Eye Field
Motor Area
Speech/ Broca Area
Bowel/ Bladder Function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Function of the

Parietal Lobe

A

Tactile Sensation
Pain Localization
Spatial Awareness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Function of the

Occipital Lobe

A

Vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Function of

Temporal Lobe

A

Olfaction
Memory
Language comprehension/ Wernicke’s Area
Vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Blood vessels supplying the

Frontal Lobe

A

MCA and ACA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Blood vessels supplying the

Parietal Lobe

A

MCA and ACA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Vessels supplying the

Temporal Lobe

A

MCA and PCA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Explain the syndrome of neglect and the location of a lesion that causes it

A

Neglect is typically caused by lesions in the posterior parietal lobe. It is characterized by deficits in spatial awareness and anosognosia. The patient disregards the left side of their body and the world. The patient may attribute parts of their left body to another person and is not aware of their deficit.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does infarct of the frontal eye fields affect lateral gaze of the eyes?

A

Activation of the FEF in one hemisphere cause lateral gaze in the opposite direction. The circuit involves the contralateral PPRF, CN VI, and CN III. Infarct of the RT FEF causes sustained gaze to the RT.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where are the cortical locations involved in Broca and Wernicke areas.

A

Broca area is in the inferior frontal lobe; Wernicke area is in the posterior, superior temporal lobe.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How are the deficits caused by a proximal MCA infarct different from the deficits caused by a distal MCA infarct.

A

A proximal MCA infarct affects branches that supply deep areas of the hemispheres via the lenticulostriate arteries. These branches supply the internal capsule that is the highway for motor and sensory information for the entire contralateral body. Thus an internal capsule lesion can cause weakness of the entire body on the contralateral side. In contrast, a distal infarct of the MCA supplies motor and sensory areas of the upper body and face, but not the lower limb.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is meant by language-dominant hemisphere?

A

Language areas involved in speech and comprehension reside in the left hemisphere for most people. Homologous areas in the right hemisphere are involved with other aspects of language such as tonal qualities, rhythm, prosody, song. Most right-handers have language areas localized to the left hemisphere. Most left-handers also have language localized to the left hemisphere, but a larger proportion (30%) have language localized to the right hemisphere.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How can a cortical stroke be distinguished from a CN VII lesion in terms of facial deficits?

A

Cortical (UMN) lesions cause weakness of only the lower face on the opposite side. CN VII lesions cause weakness of the entire face on one (ipsilateral) side.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does the cause of stroke differ for cortical vs subcortical strokes?

A

Cortical areas are supplied by larger vessels that are affected by thrombosis and emboli. Subcortical areas are supplied by smaller vessels that are affected by hypertension and diabetes that lead to lipohyalinosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is lipohyalinosis, where does it occur in brain vessels, what are its risk factors?

A

Lipohyalinosis is a pathological process that results in damage to endothelium of small brain vessels. It occurs in the small penetrating vessels that supply deep subcortical areas like the internal capsule and basal ganglia. It results in lacunar infarcts. Risk factors are hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, smoking, lack of exercise, ageing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the major locations affected by subcortical strokes?

A

Cerebral hemisphere: internal capsule, basal ganglia, thalamus
Brainstem
Cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the defining symptoms for brainstem strokes?

A

CN symptoms (except CN I, II, VII lower face, XI)
Also: Motor/sensory deficits for face/arm/leg (except for internal capsule)
Vertigo – likely but can also result from cortical stroke
Cerebellar deficits – possible but can also result from internal capsule lesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the symptoms of cerebellar stroke?

A

Vestibular (nausea/vomiting, nystagmus, falling, vertigo), gait ataxia, limb ataxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the symptoms of cortical stroke?

A
  • Cognitive deficits
  • Language deficits - aphasias
  • Motor/sensory deficits for face/arm without not leg
  • Motor/sensory deficits for leg without face/arm
  • Sustained eye deviation to one side
  • Visual hemi/quadrant- anopsia
  • Absence of CN symptoms except lower face deficit without upper face
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the symptoms of subcortical stroke?

A
  • Motor/sensory deficits for face, arm and leg
  • CN deficits (except I, II, XI, CN VII lower face)
  • Pure motor symptoms (face, arm, leg)
  • Pure sensory symptoms (tactile/pain body and face)
  • Cerebellar deficits
  • Lack of cognitive deficits
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the major difference between cortical and subcortical stroke?

A

Subcortical strokes lack cognitive deficits and include CN deficits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What regions of the midbrain are impacted by PCA lesions

A

ML
VTT
ALS
Hypothalamic Tract
Sup Cerebellar Peduncle
CST/ CBT
Frontopontine
CNIII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What Midbrain structures are impacted by SCA lesion?

A

Vertical gaze center

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What pons structures are affected by lesions to the basilar artery?

A

ML
VTT
STGT
ALS
Hypothalamospinal Tract
Superior Cerebellar Peduncle
Middle Cerebellar Peduncle
CBT/ CST
Pontine nuclei
Horizontal Gaze Center
CN V
CN VI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What structures of the pons are impacted by a lesion in the AICA?

A

CN VII
CN VIII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What structures in the medulla are impacted by a lesion in the ASA?

A

ML
VTT
CBT/ CST
CN XII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What structures of the medulla are impacted by a lesion to the PICA?

A

ALS
Hypothalamospinal tract
Inferior Cerebellar peduncle
Vestibular Nuclei
STGT
Nucleus Ambiguous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Damage to the ML in the midbrain, pons, and medulla causes

A

contralateral loss of tactile sense on the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Damage to the VTT in the midbrain and rostral pons causes

A

contralateral loss of tactile/ pain sense on the face

30
Q

Damage to the VTT in the caudal pons and medulla cause

A

contralateral loss of pain/temp on the face

31
Q

Damage to the ALS in the midbrain, pons, or medulla causes:

A

contralateral loss of pain/ temp on the body

32
Q

Damage to the Hypothalamospinal tract in the midbrain, pons, and medulla causes

A

Ipsilateral Horners Syndrome

33
Q

Damage to the superior cerebellar peduncle in the midbrain causes

A

Contralateral limb ataxia
Truncal ataxia

34
Q

Damage to the superior cerebellar peduncle in the pons causes

A

ipsilateral limb ataxia
truncal ataxia

35
Q

Damage to the CST/ CBT in the midbrain, pons, medulla causes

A

contralateral UMN deficits in the body, lower face droop, and tongue deviation

36
Q

Damage to the Nucleus Ambiguous in the medulla causes

A

Ipsilateral loss of gag reflex
Dysphagia
Dysarthria

37
Q

Damage to the frontopontine in the midbrain causes

A

contralateral limb ataxia

38
Q

Damage to the Vertical gaze center in the midbrain causes

A

Paralysis of vertical gaze

39
Q

Damage to CN III in the midbrain causes

A

Down and out
Loss of pupillary light reflex

40
Q

Damage to the middle cerebellar peduncle in the pons causes

A

ipsilateral limb ataxia
truncal ataxia

41
Q

Damage to the pontine nuclei causes

A

Contralateral limb ataxia

42
Q

Damage to the Horizontal Gaze Center in the pons causes

A

eyes turned to opposite side

43
Q

Damage to CN V in the pons causes

A

jaw deviates to same side

44
Q

Damage to CN VI in the pons causes

A

ipsilateral eye deviates medially

45
Q

Damage to CN VII in the pons causes

A

ipsilateral facial paralysis

46
Q

Damage to CN VIII in the pons causes

A

Ipsilateral deafness

47
Q

Damage to the Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle in the medulla causes

A

ipsilateral limb ataxia
truncal ataxia
vestibular symptoms

48
Q

Damage to CN XII in the medulla causes

A

Deviation of tongue to ipsilateral side

49
Q

Symptoms of an ASA infarct

A
  • contralateral loss of tactile sense on body
  • contralateral loss of pain/temp on face
  • deviation of tongue to ipsilateral side
  • contralateral: UMN deficits for body, lower face droop, tongue deviation
50
Q

Symptoms of a PCA infarct

A
  • contralateral loss of tactile sense on body
  • contralateral loss of tactile/pain sense on face
  • contralateral loss of pain/temp on body
  • ipsilateral Horner’s syndrome
  • contralateral limb ataxia; truncal ataxia
  • contralateral: UMN deficits for body, lower face droop, tongue deviation
  • contralateral limb ataxia
  • eye down and out, loss of pupillary light reflex
51
Q

Symptoms of a SCA infarct

A
  • paralysis of vertical gaze
52
Q

Symptoms of a PICA infarct

A
  • contralateral loss of pain/temp on body
  • ipsilateral Horner’s syndrome
  • ipsilateral limb ataxia; truncal ataxia; vestibular symptoms
  • vestibular symptoms (falling, vertigo, nausea, nystagmus)
  • ipsilateral loss of pain/temp on face
  • ipsilateral loss of gag reflex, dysphagia, dysarthria
53
Q

Symptoms of a Basilar artery infarct

A
  • contralateral loss of tactile sense on body
  • contralateral loss of tactile/pain sense on face
  • contralateral loss of pain on face
  • ipsilateral loss of pain/temp on face
  • contralateral loss of pain/temp on body
  • ipsilateral Horner’s syndrome
  • ipsilateral limb ataxia; truncal ataxia
  • ipsilateral limb ataxia; truncal ataxia
  • contralateral: UMN deficits for body, lower face droop, tongue deviation
  • contralateral limb ataxia
  • eyes turned to opposite side
  • jaw deviates to same side
  • ipsilateral eye deviates medially
54
Q

Symptoms of an AICA infarct

A
  • ipsilateral facial paralysis
  • ipsilateral deafness
55
Q

Symptoms of stroke of the anterior limb of the internal capsule

A

Cerebellar symptoms

56
Q

Symptoms of stroke of the posterior limb of the internal capsule

A

Pure UMN motor symptoms involving face, arm, trunk, leg

57
Q

Symptoms of stroke of the Diencephalon (VPL/ VPM) Subthalamic nucleus)

A
  • Pure sensory (tactile, pain) symptoms for body and face
58
Q

Symptoms of stroke of the Diencephalon (Subthalamic nucleus)

A
  • Hemiballismus
59
Q

Symptoms of stroke of the optic radiations (white matter)

A
  • hemi- or quadrant- anopsia depending on position and depth
60
Q

Symptoms of stroke of the superior long/ arcuate fascilculus

A

Conduction aphasia

61
Q

Vessel that supplies anterior limb of the internal capsule

A

ACA

62
Q

Vessel that supplies the posterior limb of the internal capsule

A

MCA
A Ch A

63
Q

Vessel that supplies the diencephalon (VPL/ VPM/ Subthalamic nucleus)

A

PCA

64
Q

Vessel that supplies the optic radiations

A

MCA
PCA

65
Q

Vessel that supplies the Arcuate fasciculus

A

MCA

66
Q

Vessel infarcted that causes LMN deficits for the eyes

A

PCA

67
Q

Vessel infarcted that causes LMN deficits for the jaw

A

Basilar

68
Q

Vessel infarcted that causes LMN deficits for the face

A

AICA

69
Q

Vessel infarcted that causes LMN deficits for the pharynx/ larynx

A

PICA

70
Q

Vessel infarcted that causes LMN deficits for the tongue

A

ASA

IMC606: Neurology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions