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Step 1 > Tumor Suppressors and Oncogenes > Flashcards

Tumor Suppressors and Oncogenes Flashcards

1
Q

What is bcr-abl?

A

Abl: Signal transducer/tyrosine kinase; Translocated genetic material, t(9;22) -> increased tyrosine kinase activity

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2
Q

What is ras?

A

Proto-oncogene, Signal transducer/GTPase, uses G-protein/MAP-kinase pathways that lead to increased sensitivity of cells to mitogenic stimuli, associated with colon, lung, and panc cancer

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3
Q

What is Erb-B2?

A

Protooncogene, growth factor receptor > increased tyrosine kinase activity related to EGFRAssociated with breast and ovarian cancer.

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4
Q

What is p53?

A

Tumor suppressor, regulates cell proliferation during G1 phase. Detects genomic abnormalities. Halts cell cycle if abnormal. If cannot repair, causes cell to apoptose.

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5
Q

What is N-myc?

A

Proto-oncogene, transcription factor, amplified in neuroblastoma.

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6
Q

What is neurofibromin?

A

Tumor suppressor protein encoded by NF-1 on Chromosome 17. Suppresses Ras (a poweful activator of cell growth and proliferation).

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7
Q

What is Bcl-2?

A

Apoptosis inhibitor(implicated in follicular lymphomas t(14;18))

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8
Q

What are c-Jun and c-Fos?

A

Proto-oncogenes, nuclear transcription factors that directly bind DNA via a leucine zipper motif.

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9
Q

What is c-myc?

A

Proto-oncogene, transcription factor, associated with t(8;14) Burkitt lymphoma

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10
Q

What is L-myc?

A

Proto-oncogene, transcription factor, associated with lung carcinoma (small cell)

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11
Q

What is Cyclin D1?

A

Proto-oncogene, enables cell cycle progression, associated with Mantle Cell Lymphoma [t(11;14)]

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12
Q

What is CDK4?

A

Proto-oncogene, enables cell cycles progression (amplification mutation), associated with melanomas

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13
Q

What is RET?

A

Proto-oncogene, neural growth factor receptor (point mutation), associated with MEN 2A and 2B, and medullary thyroid carcinoma

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14
Q

What is KIT?

A

Proto-oncogene, stem cell growth factor receptor (point mutation), associated with GI and stromal tumors

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15
Q

What is ERBB2?

A

Proto-oncogene, epidermal growth factor receptor, associated with breast carcinomas

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16
Q

What is PDGFB?

A

Proto-oncogene, platelet-derived growth factor, associated with astrocytomas

17
Q

What is BRAF?

A

Proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase, melanomas

18
Q

What is APC?

A

Tumor suppressor, Colorectal cancer (first step)

19
Q

What is BRCA?

A

Tumor suppressor, DNA repair protein, breast and ovarian ca

20
Q

What is CPD4/SMAD4?

A

Tumor suppressor, “Deleted in Panc Cancer” Protein (DPC), pancreatic cancer

21
Q

What is DCC?

A

Tumor suppressor, “Deleted in Colon Cancer” protein, colon cancer

22
Q

What is MEN1?

A

Tumor suppressor, MEN1 (autosomal dominant) cancers

23
Q

What is NF2?

A

Tumor suppressor, Ch 22 Merlin, causes NF2 cancers

24
Q

What is p16?

A

Tumor suppressor, CDK2 inhibitors (stops cell cycle progression), melanoma

25
Q

What is PTEN?

A

Tumor suppressor, associated with breast, prostate, and endometrial cancers

26
Q

What is Rb?

A

Tumor suppressor, E2F inhibitor (blocks G1->S), retinblastoma/osteosarcoma

27
Q

What is TSC1/2?

A

Tumor suppressor, Hamartin/Tuberin proteins respectively, Tuberous sclerosis tumors

28
Q

What is VHL?

A

Tumor suppressor, inhibits HIF1alpha, Ch3, pheochromocytomas/retinal hemangioblastomas/clear cell RCC/neurendocrine tumors/et al.

29
Q

What is WT1/2?

A

Tumor suppressor, Wilms tumor - nephroblastoma

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