Tumor Suppressors and Oncogenes

Question 1

What is bcr-abl?

Answer 1

Abl: Signal transducer/tyrosine kinase; Translocated genetic material, t(9;22) -> increased tyrosine kinase activity

Question 2

What is ras?

Answer 2

Proto-oncogene, Signal transducer/GTPase, uses G-protein/MAP-kinase pathways that lead to increased sensitivity of cells to mitogenic stimuli, associated with colon, lung, and panc cancer

Question 3

What is Erb-B2?

Answer 3

Protooncogene, growth factor receptor > increased tyrosine kinase activity related to EGFRAssociated with breast and ovarian cancer.

Question 4

What is p53?

Answer 4

Tumor suppressor, regulates cell proliferation during G1 phase. Detects genomic abnormalities. Halts cell cycle if abnormal. If cannot repair, causes cell to apoptose.

Question 5

What is N-myc?

Answer 5

Proto-oncogene, transcription factor, amplified in neuroblastoma.

Question 6

What is neurofibromin?

Answer 6

Tumor suppressor protein encoded by NF-1 on Chromosome 17. Suppresses Ras (a poweful activator of cell growth and proliferation).

Question 7

What is Bcl-2?

Answer 7

Apoptosis inhibitor(implicated in follicular lymphomas t(14;18))

Question 8

What are c-Jun and c-Fos?

Answer 8

Proto-oncogenes, nuclear transcription factors that directly bind DNA via a leucine zipper motif.

Question 9

What is c-myc?

Answer 9

Proto-oncogene, transcription factor, associated with t(8;14) Burkitt lymphoma

Question 10

What is L-myc?

Answer 10

Proto-oncogene, transcription factor, associated with lung carcinoma (small cell)

Question 11

What is Cyclin D1?

Answer 11

Proto-oncogene, enables cell cycle progression, associated with Mantle Cell Lymphoma [t(11;14)]

Question 12

What is CDK4?

Answer 12

Proto-oncogene, enables cell cycles progression (amplification mutation), associated with melanomas

Question 13

What is RET?

Answer 13

Proto-oncogene, neural growth factor receptor (point mutation), associated with MEN 2A and 2B, and medullary thyroid carcinoma

Question 14

What is KIT?

Answer 14

Proto-oncogene, stem cell growth factor receptor (point mutation), associated with GI and stromal tumors

Question 15

What is ERBB2?

Answer 15

Proto-oncogene, epidermal growth factor receptor, associated with breast carcinomas

Question 16

What is PDGFB?

Answer 16

Proto-oncogene, platelet-derived growth factor, associated with astrocytomas

Question 17

What is BRAF?

Answer 17

Proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase, melanomas

Question 18

What is APC?

Answer 18

Tumor suppressor, Colorectal cancer (first step)

Question 19

What is BRCA?

Answer 19

Tumor suppressor, DNA repair protein, breast and ovarian ca

Question 20

What is CPD4/SMAD4?

Answer 20

Tumor suppressor, “Deleted in Panc Cancer” Protein (DPC), pancreatic cancer

Question 21

What is DCC?

Answer 21

Tumor suppressor, “Deleted in Colon Cancer” protein, colon cancer

Question 22

What is MEN1?

Answer 22

Tumor suppressor, MEN1 (autosomal dominant) cancers

Question 23

What is NF2?

Answer 23

Tumor suppressor, Ch 22 Merlin, causes NF2 cancers

Question 24

What is p16?

Answer 24

Tumor suppressor, CDK2 inhibitors (stops cell cycle progression), melanoma

Question 25

What is PTEN?

Answer 25

Tumor suppressor, associated with breast, prostate, and endometrial cancers

Question 26

What is Rb?

Answer 26

Tumor suppressor, E2F inhibitor (blocks G1->S), retinblastoma/osteosarcoma

Question 27

What is TSC1/2?

Answer 27

Tumor suppressor, Hamartin/Tuberin proteins respectively, Tuberous sclerosis tumors

Question 28

What is VHL?

Answer 28

Tumor suppressor, inhibits HIF1alpha, Ch3, pheochromocytomas/retinal hemangioblastomas/clear cell RCC/neurendocrine tumors/et al.

Question 29

What is WT1/2?

Answer 29

Tumor suppressor, Wilms tumor - nephroblastoma