Pharm: Antibiotics

Question 0

Which two classes of drugs interfere with bacterial DNA synthesis by blocking production of THF?

Answer 0

Sulfonamides (a PABA analogue) and trimethoprim (dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor)

Question 1

Name the six antibiotics that act by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis.

Answer 1

Aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, lindomycin, clindamycin

Question 2

Penicillin

Answer 2

Binds PBPs to block peptidoglycan cross-linking necessary for formation of bacterial cell wall

Question 3

Ampicillin and amoxicillin

Answer 3

Same as penicillin but extended spectrum. Can be used for gram- rods as well as gram +/- cocci.

Question 4

Methicillin

Answer 4

Same as penicillin but methicillin is beta lactamase resistant. Used to treat staph infections.

Question 5

Piperacillin

Answer 5

Same as penicillin. Used to treat infection with pseudomonas and gram- rods.

Question 6

Aztreonam

Answer 6

Same as penicillin but can be used in pts who are allergic to penicillin. Used against gram- rods. Somewhat resistant to beta lactamases.

Question 7

Meropenem

Answer 7

Same as penicillin but broad spectrum. Administered with cilastatin to reduce inactivation by renal dihydropeptidase.

Question 8

Cephalosporins

Answer 8

Same as penicillin but more resistant to beta lactamase.

Question 9

Gentamicin (aminoglycosides)

Answer 9

Protein synthesis inhibitor. Binds the 30s subunit, inhibiting the formation of the ribosomal initiation complex. Used against gram- rods.

Question 10

Clindamycin

Answer 10

Binds the 50s subunit, inhibiting formation of ribosomal initiation complex. Can be used against MRSA and VRE.