Tumor Markers, Signals, Onco, and Proto-Oncogenes Flashcards
What is PSA? How is it used?
Prostate specific Antigen
Not used to make diagnosis, but as a response to therapy or suspicion of malignancy. DX cannot be established until biopsy is completed.
What is CEA? How is it used?
Carcino-embryonic antigen. It’s non-specific, but used in colon and pancreatic cancer.
What are the 2 tumor markers elevated in pancreatic cancer?
CEA and CA 19-9
Alpha-fetoprotein is used as a marker in what malignancies?
Hepatocellular carcinoma and testicular tumors
When is CA-125 high? What are the associations?
Ovarian cancer, but anything irritating the peritoneal cavity can elevate it as well.
S-100 is elevated in what pathologies?
Melanoma
Schwannoma
And other tumors of neural crest origin
Metástasis to the bone, biliary disease, and Paget disease of the bone can elevate what marker?
Alkaline phosphatase
What pathologies are seen with Psammoma Bodies?
- Papillary thyroid cancer
- Serous papillary cystadenoma of the ovary
- Meningioma
- Malignant mesothelioma
What is being described: laminated concentric calcification spherules. What does that mean?
Psammoma bodies-
Concentric rings of calcium are layer down in sheets —> rings on a tree appearance.
What tumor markers are seen in colon cancer?
CEA
What are the 2 substances that can induce angiogenesis?
Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)
What are the associated neoplasms belonging to Lynch Syndrome?
-Colorectal Cancer
-Endometrial Cancer
-Ovarian Cancer
What are the associated neoplasms belonging to Familial Adenomatous Polyposis? (APC)
-Colorectal Cancer
-Desmoids & Osteomas
-Brain Tumors
What are the associated neoplasms belonging to von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome (VHL)?
-Hemangioblastomas
-Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma
-Pheochromocytoma
What are the associated neoplasms belonging to Li-Fraumeni Syndrome (TP53)?
-Sarcomas
-Breast Cancer
-Brain Tumors
-Adrenocortical Carcinoma
-Leukemia
