Phamacology And Treatment Flashcards
What is the treatment for Acute Intermittent Porphyria?
Give: glucose and heme, which inhibit the ALA synthase
What is the treatment for lead poisoning in kids or adults??
What if the child has very high levels of lead?
EDTA or succimer
—> Dimercaprol + succimer
What drug is used for the treatment of CML? What is it’s MOA?
Imatinib- specifically targets the the Philadelphia chromosome translocation, by inhibiting bcr-abl tyrosine kinase activity
What is the treatment for the M3 subtype of AML? What is the associated translocation?
All-trans retinoic acid
t (15;17)
What are the 3 drugs that cause pulmonary fibrosis?
- Methotrexate
- Bleomycin
- Busulfan
How does methotrexate differ from 5-Fluorouracil?
Methotrexate is a folic acid analog that inhibits dihydrofolate reductase. 5-FU: is a pyrimidine analog that inhibits thymidylate synthase
What medication intercalates DNA and produces oxygen free radicals , making it cardiotoxic? And why?
Doxorubicin and Daunorubicin
Cardiac muscle lacks superoxide dismutase which oxidizes free radicals in tissues
What DNA alkylating agent is used in brain cancer?
Nitrosoureas- carmustine
Treatment for childhood tumors (Ewing Sarcoma, Wilms Tumor, and rhabdomyosarcoma)?
Dactinomycin
What combination of medications are used to treat:
Small cell lung cancer
Prostate cancer
Testicular cancer
Eliminate ball cancer: Etoposide Bleomycin Cisplatin Or: Etoposide Ifosfamide Cisplatin
What medications blocks topoisomerase I? What do they treat?
Tipotecan and Irinotecan
Irinotecan: tx- metastatic Colon CA
Topotecan: Tx- small cell lung ca
Ovarian CA
Cervical CA
Prednisone is used to treat what cancers? Why?
Used to treat lymphoid tumors
-CLL
And prednisone triggers apoptosis
What is the MOA of Tamoxifen?
Estrogen receptor antagonist in the breast, and ER agonist in the bone. It’s also a partial agonist in the endometrium
What is the difference between Tamoxifen and Raloxifene?
Used in osteoporosis (ER agonist in bone and ER antagonist in breast), but in addition, it is an antagonist in the endometrium
What is the most important side effect of Trastuzumab?
Cardiotoxic
What is the MOA of Imatinib? What malignancies does it treat?
Enzyme inhibitor that targets the mutant Philadelphia chromosome (t 9:22), BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase.
Used to treat:
CML
ALL
AML
What is the MOA of Warfarin? What enzymes does it inhibit? What blood test does it affect?
It directly inhibits epoxide reductase which is responsible for recycling vitamin K.
Without Vit K, liver is unable to produce clotting factors: II, VII, IX, and X
In addition to protein C and a S
—> affects PT
What are the 3 main thrombolytics? What is their MOA?
Streptokinase, Urokinase, Alteplase (tPA)
MOA: activate plasmin—> plasmin degrades fibrin (clot buster)
What are the indications for thrombolytics?
What are some contraindications (5)?
What is the rescue drug?
- Early ST-elevation (our in the boonies)
- Acute stroke
CIs: Pt with active bleeding, Hx of intracranial bleeding, recent surgery, unknown bleeding disorder, or severe hypertension
Rescue: Aminocaproic acid
What is the general MOA of Alkylating agents?
Name a few:
Cross-links DNA
Busulfan
Cyclophosphamide/Ifosfamide
Nitrosoureas
Procarbazine
What are the 4 anti tumor antibiotics?
Bleomycin
Dactinomycin (actinomycin D)
Doxorubicin/Danorubicin
What medications blocks topoisomerase II leading to increased DNA degradation? What do they treat?
Etoposide and Teniposide
Solid tumors (testicular and small cell lung cancer), Leukemia’s and lymphomas
SE: alopecia and myelosuppresion.
What is the MOA of Erlotinib? When is it used?
Monoclonal antibody that targets EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor.
Seen: non-small cell lung carcinoma
What is the MOA of Imatinib? When is it used?
Monoclonal antibody against the tyrosine kinase inhibitor of BCR-ABL (Phili chromo in CML) and c-kit (GI tumors)
Use: GI stromal tumors and CML
SE: fluid retention
What is the MOA of Bortezomib and carfulzomib?
Proteasome inhibitors, induce arrest at G2-M phase and apoptosis.
Use: Multiple myeloma, mantle cell lymphoma
SE: peripheral neuropathy, heroes zoster reactivation
What medication is being described: small molecule inhibitor of BRAF oncogene (+) melanoma. What’s te the clinical uses?
Vemurafenib
Metastatic melanoma
What medication is being described: recombinant uricase that catalyzes metabolism of Uric acid to allantoin?
Rasburicase
Clinical use: prevention of tumor lysis syndrome
