Oncology/Hematology Flashcards
What pathology is at hand: Histology - thyroid cells with optically clear nuclei
Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid
What pathology is at hand: Histology - anemia with hypersegmented neutrophils
Vitamin B12 and folate deficiency
What pathology is at hand: Histology - Eczema, recurrent infections, and thrombocytopenia
Wiscott-Aldrich syndrome
What pathology is at hand: Histology - Hemosiderinuria and thrombosis
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
What is the translocation associated with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma? What are the percentages associated?
t(14;18)
diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
~30%
follicular lymphoma
>90%
What is the most common lymphoma in children?
Lymphoblastic lymphoma
What is the translocation in Burkett Lymphoma? What is the associated oncogene?
t(8;14)
This activates the c-Myc oncogene
What is the translocation associated with Mantle Cell Lymphoma? What is the associated dysregulation?
t(11;14)
Disrupting the regulation of cyclin D
What are the 3 pathologies associated with Marginal cell MALToma?
Sjögren Syndrome
Hashimoto Thyroiditis
H. pylori
What type of lymphoma is associated with long term celiac disease?
Intestinal T-Cell lymphoma
—> Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma
What is the most common type of Lymphoma in the US?
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
What cancer is most commonly associated with a non-infectious fever?
Hodgkin Lymphoma
What malignancy is associated with the appearance of Auer rods??
AML - Acute myelogenous leukemia
What is the diagnostic criteria of Acute Leukemia?
- Rapid onset
- Over 50% myeloblasts (AML) or lymphoblasts (ALL) in the bone marrow
- Numerous blast (immature) cells (>20% blasts) in peripheral blood
- Often associated with pancytopenia (anemia, bleeding tendency, infection)
High yield points: Philadelphia chromosome (assoc. with poor prognosis) B cell more common than T cell Bone pain Very good prognosis in children (up to 90% remission in patients) PAS (+) Difficult to DX on blood smear Associated with Down’s Syndrome What pathology is being described?
ALL - Acute Lymphoblastic leukemia
High yield points: Philadelphia chromosome rarely seen Characteristic Auer Rods Most are CD 13/33 (+) Median sage of onset is 65 PAS (-) Associated with many risk factors (Down syndrome, radiation, benzene, alkylating agents, myeloproliferative disease, aplastic anemia, Fanconi Sd, Bloom Syndrome, etc) What pathology is being described?
AML - Acute myelogenous leukemia
High yield points:
Insidious onset and gradual progression (months to years)
Mature cells (rather than blasts)(>5% blasts)
Associated with hepatosplenomegaly and lymphadenopathy
Prominent infiltration of bone marrow by leukemic cells and peripheral WBC counts may be high
What pathology is at hand?
Chronic Leukemia
High yield points: Most common adult Leukemia Adults over age 50 95% have B cells markers Characteristic smudge cells Autoimmune hemolytic anemia Tends to be indolent
Disease is the same as small lymphocytic lymphoma
What pathology is being described?
CLL - Chronic Lymphoblastic leukemia
High yield points:
May progress to AML (80%) or ALL (20%) - called a ‘Blast Crisis’
Age: 25-60
Numerous basophils and PMNs are LAP (-)
Hyperplasia of all 3 cell lines (granulocyte, erythroid, and megakaryocyte) but granulocyte precursora predominate
Philadelphia chromosome (t 9;22) is ALWAYS PRESENT
Fatigue, abdominal pain, splenomegaly, bleeding tendency
What pathology is being described?
CML - Chronic myelogenous leukemia
What is being described:
Neoplastic transformation of a single myeloid precursor. Monoclonal proliferation of mature myeloid cells. What 3 diseases are associated?
Myeloproliferative disorders
These include:
Polycythemia Vera
Essential thrombocytosis
Myelofibrosis
Occasionally people also lump in CML
Pt is found with a malignancy of plasma cells. These cells secrete what? What is the pathology at hand?
Multiple Myeloma
Generally, the cells secrete IgG or sometimes IgA
Loss of tumor suppressor function can lead to cancer, by way of what mechanism?
Requires mutations in BOTH alleles
What cancers are associated with a RET gene mutation?
MEN 2A and 2B
Medullary and Papillary thyroid carcinoma
What medications are Nephrotoxic and Ototoxic?
Cisplatin and carboplatin
Loop diuretics
Aminoglycosides
Vancomycin
