tumor markers Flashcards
what is the mechanism of the BRCA gene ?
inhibition of tumor suppressor genes , like p53 , APC, RB
what is thee most likely gene associated with hereditary breast cancer ?
BRCA gene mutation
where does the BRCA gene reside ?
chromosome 17
what tumor marker is used to monitor the treatment response in breast cancer ?
CA 15-3
what lab test is used to differentiate between liver and bone metastasis ?
GGT
what is the cause of hypercalcemia in advanced breast cancer ?
may be due to bone metastasis
or due to 1 alpha hydroxylase
what tumor marker can be used for gastrointestinal malignancies ?
CA19-9
what tumor marker is used for hepatocellular carcinoma ?
AFP
what other cancers are associated with a high level of AFP?
hepatocellular carcinoma
hepatoblastoma
non seeminous germ cell tumors of the ovary and testis
what benign conditions are associated with an elevated level of AFP ?
pregnancy
benign liver conditions - viral hepatitis and cirrhosis
for the identification of germ cell tumors what markers are used ?
AFP and hCG
what molecular investigations should be performed for a patient with NSCLC ?
EGFR
ALK
ROS1
to see if they are eligible for EGFR-TKI therapy
two primary types of lung cancer?
small cell and non small cell
what tumor markker can be used for the detection of prostatic ccancer ?
PSA
what are the indications for measuring PSA ?
should be delayed for 3 days after rectal prostate examination as after examination there are falsely elevated levels
