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OPEC > systemic anti-cancer treatment > Flashcards

systemic anti-cancer treatment Flashcards

1
Q

what are the clinical settings associated with chemotherapy ?

A

neoadjuvant
adjuvant
primary

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2
Q

what is neoadjuvant therapy ?

A

chemo first followed by local treatment
thee am is to reduce the size of thee disease locally along with early treatment of micrometastasis

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3
Q

what is adjuvant therapy ?

A

local treatment followed by chemotherapy
aim is to allow early treatment of local disease before it becomes inoperable and then to treat micrometastasis

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4
Q

what are the types of dose limiting toxicities ?

A

1.haematological malignancies
2.non hematological systemic toxicity
3.cardiac toxicity

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5
Q

what are the stages of the cell cycle ?

A

G1- organelle replication
S - DNA replication
G2 - Cell prepares for M
M - Mitosis

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6
Q

what are antimetabolites ?

A

inhibit key synthetic enzymes by mimicking a natural substance or cofactor

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7
Q

what are the types of anti metabolites ?

A

pyrimidines
antifolates
Purine

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8
Q

what are examples of pyrimidine antifolates ?

A

5 FU
capecitabine ( oral 5-FU)
gemcitabine
Cytosine arabinoside

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9
Q

what are examples of antifolates ?

A

methotrexate
Pemetrexed

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10
Q

what are examples of purines ?

A

6-mercaptopurine
Cladribine
Fludarabine

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11
Q

what are the characteristic features of antimetabolites ?

A

cell cycle dependency
saturable effects

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12
Q

what is the mechanism of action of 5-FU ?

A

formation of 5FdUmp
formation of 5FTmp and hence the inhibition of the thymidylate synthase enzyme
( inhibition of TS)

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13
Q

what is the oral form of 5FU called ?

A

Capecitabine

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14
Q

what is the mechanism of methotrexate ?

A

by the inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase

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15
Q

what is the mechanism of action of pemetrexed ?

A

multitargeted antifolate
inhibits TS
inhibits DHFR and GARFT which is involved in purine biosynthesis

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16
Q

what must be given along with pemetrexed ?

A

b12 supplementation and folate

17
Q

what type of cancers use pemetrexed ?

A

activee in mesothelioma
non small cell lung carcinoma

18
Q

what type of chemotheerapeutic agnt is used in ALL ?

A

purines / anti metabolite
6-MP

19
Q

what typee of chemotheerapeutiic agent is used in CLL ?

A

Anti-metabolite
Fludarabine

20
Q

what type of chemotherapeutic agent is used in hairy cell leukemia ?

A

anti-metabolite
Cladribine

21
Q

what are the types of anticancer antibiotics ?

A

Mitomycin
Mitoxantrone
Actinomycin
Anthracyclines
Bleomycin

22
Q

what are examples of anthracycline antibiotics ?

A

doxorubicin

23
Q

what is the mechanism of action of anticancer antibiotics ?

A

1.inhibition of topoisomerase II
2. formation of oxygen free radicals
3.inhibition of helicase

24
Q

what are the toxicities of anthracyclines ?

A

-myelosuppression
-alopecia
-mucositis
-radiosensitizer
-radiation recall phenomenon
-cardiotoxicity
- extravasation - soft tissue necrosis

25
Q

what is radiation recall phenomenon ?

A

an acute inflammatory reaction confined to an area that had been previously irradiated and is triggered after the administration of chemotherapeutic agents

26
Q

what is the cumulative dose that significantly increases the incidence of toxicity of anthracyclines ?

A

after cumulative dose of 500mg/m

27
Q

what are the types of alkylating agents ?

A

-classic alkylating agents
-non classical alkylating agents

28
Q

what are the types of classic alkylating agents ?

A

nitrogen mustards
aziridines
alkyl alkane sulfonates
Nitrosourea

29
Q

what are the types of non-classical alkylating agents ?

A

platinums
triazines
imdazotetrazines

30
Q

what are the type of platinum alkylating agents ?

A

cisplatin
carboplatin
oxaliplatin

31
Q

what are the general toxicities of alkylating agents ?

A

myelosuppression
alopecia
nausea and vomiting

32
Q

what are other toxicities of alkylating agents ?

A

mutagenesis
carcinogens
Veno-occlusive disease
infertility
pulmonary fibrosis

33
Q

what is the
function of topoisomerase ?

A

enzymes that catalyze the formation of transient single or double stranded DNA

34
Q

what is the difference in function of topoisomerase I and II ?

A

OPEC (24 decks)

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