hallmarks of cancer

Question 1

what are the hallmarks of cancer

Answer 1

self sufficiency in growth signals
insensitivity to anti-growth signals
tissue invasion and metastasis
limitless replicative potential
sustained angiogenesis
evading apoptosis

Question 2

when is RAS activated and when is it deactivated

Answer 2

RAS is activated when bound to GTP
RAS is deactivated when bound to GDP

Question 3

what diseases are associated with RET TK germline mutations

Answer 3

MEN2A
MEN2B
familial medullary thyroid cancer

Question 4

germlinee mutation in
GIST
Lung cancer
Breast cancer

Answer 4

GIST - c-kit receptor
Lung - EGFR-1
Breast cancer - Her 2/ neeu EGFR 2

Question 5

what type of mutation is associated witth melanomas

Answer 5

RAf

Question 6

CML genetic mutation

Answer 6

Chromosomee 9;22 translocation
causing bcr;abl

Question 7

mechanisms of self sufficiency

Answer 7

receptor over expression
ligand over expression
mutant receptors
homo or hetero receptor dimerisation