complications of haemato-oncology Flashcards
what are the specific complications associated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy of haematological malignancies ?
leukopenia and neutropenia
tumor lysis syndrome
graft vs host disease ( graft rejection )
what are the precautions that should be available in isolation rooms for Hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients ?
1- central of point use HEPA filters
2- well sealed rooms
3- positive room air pressure
4- self closing doors ( no handles )
whatt is the ANC below which prophylacticc antibiotics should be used ?
less than 0.5x109
what is the benefit of using prednisolone in Hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients ?
to guard against developing GVHD
what is the management for MRSA positive cultures ?
carbapanem
cephalosporins
vancomyciin ccan also be used
what is used in cases of vancomycin resistance ?
linezolid
what is thee management for canddidisasis inffeection ?
if previously exposed to azoles :
liposomal amphotericin B or capsofungin
what can be taken in cases of low risk of infection by invasive aspergillosis ?
fluconazole
what is the presentation of GVHD ?
maculopapular rash , classically involving the soles and the palms
persistent nausea and vomiting
increased bilirubin levels
what are the risk factors associated with GVHD ?
1- immunologically competent donor graft
2- histo-incompatibility between the donor and the host
3- allogenic transplant from an unrelated donor
4- immunologically incompetent host
what is the general approach for the treatment options for GVHD ?
1- increase immunosuppression in the form of corticosteroids
what is the treatment for mild skin-only acute GVHD ?
continue with their general medications such as cyclosporine
in addition to topical steroid cream
what is the treatment for patients with GVHD that show systemic manifestations ?
continue immunosuppressive
add methylpreddnisolone or prednisolonee
what is the treatment for steroid-refractory GVHD in adults ?
Ruxolitinib (Jakafi)
what ar the most serious complications of tumor lysis syndrome ?
advancedd renal failuree
cardiac arrythmmia
