Tumor Immunology Flashcards
Benign tumors are characterized as:
a. Growing slowly
b. Resembling the parent tissue
c. Usually invading tissues (metastasizing)
d. Both a and b
c. Usually invading tissues (metastasizing)
Benign tumor arising from glands
Adenoma
Benign tumor arising from epithelial surfaces
Papillomas
Malignant tumor of connective tissue
Sarcoma
_______ Malignant tumor of glandular epithelium
(e.g., colon)
a. Sarcoma
b. Adenoma
c. Adenocarcinoma
d. Papillomas
c. Adenocarcinoma
Which of the following factors is not a risk factor in the development of cancer?
a. Smoking
b. Low-fat diet
c. Obesity
d. Sedentary lifestyle
b. Low-fat diet
- Risk factors associated with breast cancer include:
a. First-degree family history of breast cancer
b. Pregnancy after 30 years of age
c. Use of estrogen (oral contraceptives or hormone replacement)
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
Antibodies dominate body defenses against cancer.
FALSE
Tumors express antigens that can be recognized as foreign by the immune system of the tumor-bearing host.
TRUE
The normal immune response frequently fails to prevent the growth of tumors.
TRUE
The cells involved in the immune response to tumors are:
a. T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and macrophages
b. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes, NK cells, and macrophages
c. Neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes
d. CD8+ lymphocytes, monocytes, and basophils
b. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes, NK cells, and macrophages
Which of the following is not an environmental factor associated with carcinogenesis?
a. Ultraviolet light
b. Organically grown herbs
c. Benzene
d. Asbestos
b. Organically grown herbs
The risk factor associated with the development of basal cell carcinoma or malignant melanoma is:
a. Infrared light
b. Sunless tanning lotions
c. Ultraviolet light
d. Strobe lights
c. Ultraviolet light
Patients with Down syndrome have a higher incidence of:
a. Leukemia
b. Breast cancer
c. Prostate cancer
d. Teratomas
a. Leukemia
Tumor cells typically carry _______ genetic change(s).
a. One
b. Two
c. Three to six
d. Multiple
d. Multiple
Cancer-predisposing genes may:
a. Affect a host’s ability to repair damage to DNA
b. Increase cell cohesiveness
c. Decrease cell motility
d. Enhance the host’s immune ability to recognize and eradicate incipient tumors
a. Affect a host’s ability to repair damage to DNA
Oncogenes are:
a. Genetic targets of carcinogens
b. Altered versions of normal genes
c. Detectable in 15% to 20% of a variety of human tumors
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
Mutation or overexpression of oncogenes
Results in the production of nonfunctional proteins that can no longer control cell proliferation
Mutation or overexpression of tumor suppressor genes
Produces proteins that can stimulate uncontrolled cell growth
Which of the following is used to determine the risk of developing cancer?
a. p53 gene
b. c-erbB-2 gene
c. Squamous cell carcinoma antigen
d. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)
a. p53 gene
A tumor marker assay is most useful:
a. To screen patients for malignancies
b. To monitor a cancer patient for disease recurrence
c. To determine the degree of tumor burden
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
Tumor-specific antigens
a. Cell surface molecules coded for by tumorigenic viruses
b. Gene products resulting from gene derepression
c. Antigens uniquely related to each tumor
d. Probably do not produce unique antigens
c. Antigens uniquely related to each tumor
Carcinofetal antigens
a. Cell surface molecules coded for by tumorigenic viruses
b. Gene products resulting from gene derepression
c. Antigens uniquely related to each tumor
d. Probably do not produce unique antigens
b. Gene products resulting from gene derepression
Tumor-associated antigens
a. Cell surface molecules coded for by tumorigenic viruses
b. Gene products resulting from gene derepression
c. Antigens uniquely related to each tumor
d. Probably do not produce unique antigens
A. Cell surface molecules coded for by tumorigenic viruses
Carcinoembryonic antigen is:
a. An oncofetal protein, elevated in some types of cancer, that is found on normal fetal endocrine tissue in the second trimester
of gestation
b. An elevated oncofetal protein, strongly correlated with various malignancies, that is found on normal
fetal endocrine tissue in the second trimester of gestation
c. Used clinically to monitor tumor progress in some types of patients, persistently elevated even in residual disease or poor
therapeutic response
d. Both b & c
d. Both b & c
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP):
a. Is synthesized by the fetal liver and yolk sac
b. Can be elevated in some nonneoplastic conditions
c. Is a very reliable marker for monitoring a patient’s response to chemotherapy and radiation therapy
D. all of the above
D. all of the above
β-hCG is not:
a. Elevated in normal pregnancy
b. A sensitive tumor marker
c. Elevated in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung
d. Elevated in teratocarcinoma and choriocarcinoma
c. Elevated in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung
Prostate-specific antigen is:
a. Prostate tissue–specific
b. Prostate cancer–specific
c. Not useful for monitoring response to therapy in patients with prostate cancer
d. Not directly proportional to tumor volume in prostate malignancies
a. Prostate tissue–specific
CEA
a. Frequently elevated in endometrially derived gastrointestinal neoplasms
b. Most useful in ovarian and endometrial carcinomas
c. Increased levels may indicate recurrent breast carcinoma.
d. May be elevated in patients with gastrointestinal malignancies
e. Should be quantitated with β-hCG initially in all patients with teratocarcinoma
a. Frequently elevated in endometrially derived gastrointestinal neoplasms
AFP
a. Frequently elevated in endometrially derived gastrointestinal neoplasms
b. Most useful in ovarian and endometrial carcinomas
c. Increased levels may indicate recurrent breast carcinoma.
d. May be elevated in patients with gastrointestinal malignancies
e. Should be quantitated with β-hCG initially in all patients with teratocarcinoma
e. Should be quantitated with β-hCG initially in all patients with teratocarcinoma
_ CA 125
a. Frequently elevated in endometrially derived gastrointestinal neoplasms
b. Most useful in ovarian and endometrial carcinomas
c. Increased levels may indicate recurrent breast carcinoma.
d. May be elevated in patients with
e. Should be quantitated with β-hCG initially in all patients with teratocarcinomagastrointestinal malignancies
b. Most useful in ovarian and endometrial carcinomas
CA 19-9
a. Frequently elevated in endometrially derived gastrointestinal neoplasms
b. Most useful in ovarian and endometrial carcinomas
c. Increased levels may indicate recurrent breast carcinoma.
d. May be elevated in patients with gastrointestinal malignancies
e. Should be quantitated with β-hCG initially in all patients with teratocarcinoma
d. May be elevated in patients with gastrointestinal malignancies
CA 27-29
a. Frequently elevated in endometrially derived gastrointestinal neoplasms
b. Most useful in ovarian and endometrial carcinomas
c. Increased levels may indicate recurrent breast carcinoma.
d. May be elevated in patients with gastrointestinal malignancies
e. Should be quantitated with β-hCG initially in all patients with teratocarcinoma
c. Increased levels may indicate recurrent breast carcinoma.
Which tumor marker is used to monitor patients with breast cancer for recurrence of disease?
a. CA 15-3
b. Estrogen receptor (ER)
c. Cathepsin-D
d. CA 50
a. CA 15-3
6-Mercaptopurine
a. Cell cycle active, phase-specific
b. Cell cycle active, phase-nonspecific
c. Non–cell cycle active
d. b or c
a. Cell cycle active, phase-specific
Corticosteroids
a. Cell cycle active, phase-specific
b. Cell cycle active, phase-nonspecific
c. Non–cell cycle active
d. b or c
c. Non–cell cycle active
Alkylating agents
a. Cell cycle active, phase-specific
b. Cell cycle active, phase-nonspecific
c. Non–cell cycle active
d. b or c
d. b or c
Vinca alkaloid
a. Cell cycle active, phase-specific
b. Cell cycle active, phase-nonspecific
c. Non–cell cycle active
d. b or c
a. Cell cycle active, phase-specific
Tamoxifen acts as a(an) _______ pharmaceutical agent.
a. Cell cycle active, phase-specific
b. Non–cell cycle active
c. Estrogen receptor–blocking
d. Both b and c
d. Both b and c
Active host immunotherapy responses may be achieved by:
a. Transferring immune cells into host.
b. Vaccination with killed tumor cells.
c. Administration of tumor-specific MAbs.
d. Administration of IFN-α
b. Vaccination with killed tumor cells
Benzene
Leukemia
Estrogen
Endometrial cancer
Epstein-Barr virus
Burkitt’s lymphoma virus
Hepatitis B
hepatocellular carcinoma
Asbestos
Mesothelioma
