Tumor Immunology Flashcards
an abnormal cell mass
tumor
2 types of tumor
benign and malignant
cancer is what type of tumor?
malignant
caused by mutations in protooncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes
cancer
cancer is a mutation caused by?
protooncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes
it is an uncontrolled cell division and other characteristics
cancer
patrols the body for cancer cells and destroys them before they become clinically evident?
Immunosurveillance
NK cells and macrophages
innate defenses
CTLs, dendritic cells, cytokines, antibodies
adaptive defenses
characteristics of cancer cells?
- sustained proliferation
- resist death
- induce angiogenesis
- immortality
- invasion and metastasis
- avoid suppressors of cell growth
- altered metabolism
- evasion of immune defenses
- genomic instability
- accelerated growth in the presence of inflammation
unique to the tumor and is coded by mutated protooncogenes or tumor-suppressor genes
Tumor-Specific Antigens (TSAs)
expressed in tumor cells and normal cells and is share tumor-specific antigens, differentiation antigens and overexpressed antigens
Tumor-Associated Antigens (TAAs)
on many tumor but not most normal tissues
share tumor-specific antigens
on immature cells of a particular lineage
differentiation antigens
found in higher levels on malignant cells
overexpressed antigens
elevated level of tumor markers indicates?
tumor mass
concentration in serum depends on?
amount of tumor proliferation and tumor size
to identify cancer in asymptomatic people?
population screening
may detect cancer at an early stage but can get false pos or false neg results
population screening
identifies cancer in a particular px
diagnosis
predicts clinical outcome and aids in selection of therapy
patient prognosis
decreasing levels of tumor markers indicate?
effective treatment
increasing levels of tumor markers indicate?
ineffective treatment or tumor recurrence
clinical uses of tumor markers
- monitoring response of cancer patient to therapy
- population screening
- diagnosis
- patient prognosis
tumor marker AFP, what are its uses?
SDPM
tumor marker CA 125 what are its uses?
SDPM
tumor marker PSA what are its uses?
SDPM
tumor marker CA19-9 what are its uses?
DPM
tumor marker hCG what are its uses?
DPM
tumor marker CEA what are its uses?
PM
tumor marker AFP, what cancer is it?
liver
tumor marker CA 125, what cancer is it?
ovarian
tumor marker CA 19-9, what cancer is it?
pancreatic
tumor marker CEA, what cancer is it?
colorectal and breast
tumor marker hCG, what cancer is it?
testicular and trophoblastic
tumor marker PSA, what cancer is it?
prostate
uses labeled Abs to detect tumor antigens in tissue biopsies
immunohistochemistry
measure levels of circulating tumor markers
immunoassays
detect genetic mutations associated with cancer
molecular methods
detects protein profile of a tumor population
proteomics
sensitive and automated
immunoassays for serum tumor markers
cross reactivity can produce ? results in immunoassays for serum tumor markers
false pos
antigen excess can produce ? in immunoassays for serum tumor markers
false decrease
