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IS LEC MIDTERMS > Labeled Immunoassay > Flashcards

Labeled Immunoassay Flashcards

1
Q

Designed for antigens and antibodies that may be small in size or present in very low concentrations

A

Labeled Immunoassays

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2
Q

is labeled by attaching a particle or molecule that will better detect lower concentration of antigen-antibody binding

A

Binding agent

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3
Q

Examples of analytes determined using labeled immunoassays?

A
  • Bacterial antigens
  • Hormones
  • Drugs
  • Tumor markers
  • Specific immunoglobulins
  • Other proteins
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4
Q

Types of Labels?

A
  • Radionuclides
  • Enzymes
  • Fluorochromes
  • Luminescent
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5
Q

atoms with unstable nuclei that spontaneously emit radiation?

A

Radionuclides

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6
Q

Emits beta particles or positron?

A

Beta radiation

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7
Q

beta particles are?

A

Negatively charged

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8
Q

positrons are?

A

Positively charged

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9
Q

most common radionuclide for diagnosis and research in cellular immunology?

A

Tritium (3H)

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10
Q

is tritium beta or gamma?

A

Beta

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11
Q

Electromagnetic radiation with very short wavelength from an unstable nuclei

A

Gamma radiation

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12
Q

most common in the clinical lab due to its longer half-life and appropriate energy level?

A

125I

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13
Q

releases energy from decay of nuclei as it becomes more stable

A

Gamma radiation

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14
Q

Detected using a crystal scintillation counter

A

Gamma radiation

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15
Q

crystal scintillation counter aka?

A

Gamma counter

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16
Q

Originally used to determine insulin-anti-insulin complexes in diabetic patients and is useful in measuring analytes occurring at trace concentrations

A

Radioimmunoassay

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17
Q

who developed RIA?

A

Yalow and Berson

18
Q

disadvantages of RIA

A

health hazard and disposal problems

19
Q

react with suitable substrates to produce breakdown products that are either chromogenic, fluorogenic, or luminescent and developed as alternatives to RIAs

A

Enzyme Immunoassay

20
Q

Commonly used enzyme labels

A
  • Horseradish peroxidase
  • Alkaline phosphatase
  • B-D-galactosidase
21
Q

Uses fluorochromes or fluorophores

A

Fluorescent labels

22
Q

Common fluorescent compounds used

A

Fluorescein and Rhodamine

23
Q

use labels that emit light as the result of electrical or chemical (oxidation) reaction?

A

Chemiluminescence

24
Q

Types of luminescent labels?

A
  • Luminol
  • Acridinium esters
  • Ruthenium derivatives
  • Nitrophenyl oxalates
25
Q

uses electrochemical compounds that generate light when redox reaction occurs?

A

Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay

26
Q

Labeled antigen competes with unlabeled antigen for a limited number of antibody-binding sites

A

Competitive Immunoassay

27
Q

Competitive Immunoassay (inversely or directly proportional) to unlabeled antigen concentration

A

inversely proportional

28
Q

Unknown antigen is bound by passive adsorption to the solid phase and Label activity is directly proportional with antigen concentration

A

Direct Noncompetitive Immunoassay

29
Q

Initial antigen adsorption and washing and Label activity is directly proportional with antigen concentration

A

Indirect Noncompetitive Immunoassay

30
Q

Uses known unlabeled antibody to bind the immobilized unknown antigen

A

Indirect Noncompetitive Immunoassay

31
Q

Incubated with the labeled antibody

A

Direct Noncompetitive Immunoassay

32
Q

Similar with direct immunoassay but antibody, rather than antigen is passively adsorbed on the solid phase

A

Capture/Sandwich Immunoassay

33
Q

Requires compatible known antibody pair (unlabeled and labeled) that binds different epitopes on the unknown antigen

A

Capture/Sandwich Immunoassay

34
Q

uses conjugated antibody that binds with the immobilized antigen-antibody complex on the plate well

A

Direct Capture/Sandwich Immunoassay

35
Q

uses either an unconjugated antibody or biotinylated antibody that binds to the immobilized antigen-antibody complex and subsequently detected by a secondary labeled antibody

A

Indirect Capture/Sandwich Immunoassay

36
Q

Originally designed for POCT or home-based testing

A

Rapid Immunoassays

37
Q

Designed as a single use, disposable assays in a plastic cartridge

A

Rapid Immunoassays

38
Q

Membrane based and easy to perform

A

Rapid Immunoassays

39
Q

Interpreted by looking at the formation of a colored reaction product

A

Rapid Immunoassays

40
Q

membrane material; easily immobilizes proteins

A

Nylon

41
Q

Combines all steps of rapid immunoassay in one

A

Immunochromatography

IS LEC MIDTERMS (7 decks)

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