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IS LEC MIDTERMS > Precipitation and Agglutination > Flashcards

Precipitation and Agglutination Flashcards

1
Q

Soluble antigens combine with soluble antibody to produce insoluble complexes that are visible

A

Precipitation

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2
Q

Particulate antigens combine with antibody to form larger complexes

A

Agglutination

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3
Q

initial attraction force between a single Fab site on an Ab molecule and a single epitope

A

Affinity

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4
Q

refers to Abs capable of reacting with Ags that are structurally to the original Ag that induced Ab production

A

Cross-reactivity

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5
Q

sum of all attractive forces or sum of the affinities of all individual Ab-Ag combining sites

A

Avidity

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6
Q

A measure of overall stability of an Ag-Ab complex

A

Avidity

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7
Q

Precipitation results from random, reversible reactions whereby each Ab binds to more than one Ag and vice versa, forming a stable network or lattice

A

Zone of Equivalence

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8
Q

IgM has the potential to bind ? different Ag

A

10

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9
Q

Soluble antigen + soluble antibody = insoluble complex

A

Precipitation

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10
Q

Soluble antigen + soluble antibody

A

Insoluble complex

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11
Q

Insoluble particle + soluble antibody = insoluble complex that form visible aggregates

A

Agglutination

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12
Q

Soluble antigen + soluble antibody

A

Insoluble complex

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13
Q

Insoluble particle + soluble antibody

A

insoluble complex that form visible aggregates

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14
Q

oppositely charged particles

A

Ionic bonds

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15
Q

polar molecules

A

Hydrogen bonds

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16
Q

nonpolar molecules

A

Hydrophobic bonds

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17
Q

interaction between electron clouds of oscillating dipoles

A

Van der Waals forces

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18
Q

Lattice hypothesis by?

A

Marrack

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19
Q

Antigen combines with only one or two Ab molecules; and no cross-linkages are formed

A

Prozone Phenomenon

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20
Q

Every available Ab site is bound to a single Ag; and no cross-linkages are formed

A

Poszone Phenomenon

21
Q

A light scatter technique that measures reduction in intensity of light produced by immune complexes in a solution

A

Turbidimetry

22
Q

A light scatter technique that measures the amount of light scattered at a particular angle

A

Nephelometry

23
Q

The greater the immune complexes?

A

The lesser the light transmitted and The greater the light scatter

24
Q

A single immunodiffusion technique that the antigen diffuses out until the point of equivalence is reached

A

Radial Immunodiffusion (RID)

25
Q

Ag is allowed to diffuse in completion until equivalence is reached (no further change in diameter) that occurs between 24-72 hours

A

End-point method (Mancini method)

26
Q

Uses ring diameter readings taken at about 19 hours before equivalence is reached

A

Kinetic method (Fahey method)

27
Q

A double immunodiffusion technique to determine if the antigens share identical epitopes and is still used to identify fungal antigens such as Aspergillus, Blastomyces, Coccidioides, and Candida

A

Ouchterlony double diffusion (ODD)

28
Q

has an arc

A

Identity

29
Q

has a spur

A

Partial Identity

30
Q

has crossed lines

A

Nonidentity

31
Q

A double immunodiffusion technique that incorporates electrophoresis to enhance results

A

Immunoelectrophoresis (IEP)

32
Q

Replaced IEP

A

Immunofixation electrophoresis

33
Q

(1) Electrophoresis of serum (or urine), i.e., a source of Ag. Antiserum is placed in the trough and then incubated at 18-24 hours.
(2) Immunodiffusion occurs and precipitin line develops.

A

Immunoelectrophoresis

34
Q

(1) Electrophoresis of serum (or urine), i.e., a source of Ag.
(2) Antiserum is placed directly at the gel’s surface and then incubated for 30 mins, washed, and will be stained.

A

Immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE)

35
Q

A single-dimension electroimmunodiffusion and is an adaptation of RID

A

Rocket Immunoelectrophoresis (RIE)

36
Q

A single-dimension double electroimmunodiffusion and is a rapid version of ODD

A

Counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE/CIEP)

37
Q

initial binding, depends on the nature of antibody and the antigen-bearing surface. This is a reversible reaction

A

Sensitization

38
Q

governed by factors such as pH, ionic strength, and temperature

A

Lattice Formation

39
Q

Occurs when Ags are found naturally on a particle and Agglutination indicates the presence of patient antibodies (Widal test, ABO blood typing)

A

Direct Agglutination

40
Q

Particle coated Ag are NOT normally found on their surface (erythrocytes, latex, and gelatin) and Agglutination indicates the presence of patient antibodies (RF, Ab to Group A Streptococcus Ag, and Ab to viruses such as rotavirus, cytomegalovirus, rubella, and VZ)

A

Indirect/Passive Agglutination

41
Q

Ab rather than Ag is attached to a carrier particle and Agglutination indicates the presence of patient antigens (Rapid ID of Ag from infectious agents and detecting soluble Ag in urine, spinal fluid, and serum)

A

Reverse Passive Agglutination

42
Q

The use of synthetic beads or particles provides advantages of consistency and uniformity

A

Indirect/Passive Agglutination

43
Q

Particle coated Ag are NOT normally found on their surface

A

Reverse Passive Agglutination

44
Q

Particles compete with patient Ag for a limited number of Ab sites

A

Inhibition Agglutination

45
Q

Detection of illicit drugs such as cocaine or heroine

A

Inhibition Agglutination

46
Q

Lack of agglutination is a (+) reaction in Inhibition Agglutination indicates?

A

Presence of patient antigens

47
Q

Lack of agglutination is a (+) reaction in Hemagglutination Inhibition indicates?

A

Presence of patient antibodies

48
Q

RBCs are the indicator particles (Ab to certain viruses (rubella, influenza, RSV)

A

Hemagglutination Inhibition

IS LEC MIDTERMS (7 decks)

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