Transplantation Immunology

Question 1

process in which an individual receives cells or tissue from a second individual

Answer 1

transplantation

Question 2

a life saving procedure for end stage organ failure, malignancies, autoimmune diseases, immunodeficiency disorders and other

Answer 2

transplantation

Question 3

classified according to genetic disparity between the donor and the recipient (MHC)

Answer 3

transplants (grafts)

Question 4

tissue form one area to another from the same individual

Answer 4

autograft

Question 5

tissue from identical twins

Answer 5

syngeneic graft/ syngraft/ isograft

Question 6

tissue from different individuals in the same species

Answer 6

allograft

Question 7

tissue from different species

Answer 7

xenograft

Question 8

treatment of hyperacute allograft rejection

Answer 8

graft removal

Question 9

• occurs within mins to hrs after vascular supply
• preformed anti-HLA Abs
• antibody mediated
• recipeint has been previously exposed to donor MHC Ags

Answer 9

hyperacute allograft rejection

Question 10

• weeks after engraftment
• caused by CD4 and CD8 t cell activation

Answer 10

acute allograft rejection

Question 11

severity in acute allograft rejection is dependent on?

Answer 11

number of T cell clones activated

Question 12

• weeks, months, or years post transplantation
• delayed type of hypersensitivity

Answer 12

chronic allograft rejection

Question 13

treatment of chronic allograft rejection

Answer 13

graft removal

Question 14

attack the tissues of immunocompromised recipient

Answer 14

T lymphocytes of immunocompetent donor

Question 15

cannot attack the graft with the same magnitude

Answer 15

immune system of the recipient

Question 16

targets T cells and are at risk of infection, malignancy and drug associated toxicity

Answer 16

patients under immunosuppressive therapies

Question 17

examples of immunosuppressive therapies?

Answer 17

corticosteroids, antimetabolic agents, calcineurin inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies

Question 18

types of histocompatibility screening

Answer 18

serologic typing, cellular typing and molecular typing

Question 19

are screened to ensure best possible genetic match of MHC to minimize the likelihood of rejection

Answer 19

recipients and potential donors

Question 20

determination of compatibility by the differences in MHC

Answer 20

tissue cross-matching

Question 21

method of choice until development of molecular approaches

Answer 21

serologic typing

Question 22

donor and recipient tissues are tested separately with Abs for various MHC antigens and the reaction is compared

Answer 22

serologic typing

Question 23

disadvantage of serologic typing

Answer 23

allelic differences cam only be detected if an Ab is available for the allele

Question 24

in vitro test used to mimic in vivo conditions of transplantation

Answer 24

mixed lymphocyte reaction

Question 25

why are the donor cells and recipient cells incubated for several days?

Answer 25

to allow T cells to be activated and proliferate in response to disparate MHC antigens

Question 26

is Limited to living donors only

Answer 26

mixed lymphocyte reaction

Question 27

• DNA is cleaved by enzymes to obtain pattern of fragmentation
• Degree of disparity is assessed by comparing patterns of fragmentation

Answer 27

RFLP analysis

Question 28

• Direct amplification of a particular DNA sequence selected by the use of primers that isolates the gene of interest
• Degree of disparity is assessed by comparing the selected sequences
• May not be able to predict severity of rejection
• Do not have the time constraint of MLR and is superior to serological approaches

Answer 28

PCR