Tuesday - zimmer - tissue parasites

Question 1

Chagas’ disease

Vector, symptoms, treatment (mech)?

Answer 1

Kissing bug (american trypanosomiasis, T.cruzi)

Romana’s sign, swelling of the child’s eyelid is acute form. (bug feces being rubbed into eye.

*you can get this as a kid in south america and have it if you move to the US

Nifurtimox and benznidazole, induces oxidative stress due to inhibition by nadph-dependent dehydrogenases

Question 2

African sleeping sickness

Vector, symptoms, treatment?

Answer 2

tsetse fly (T. Brucii)
T. brucii gambiense - west africa, less severe
T. brucii rhodesiense - east africa, more accute.

At first, fever, headache, swollen lymph nodes. later, Somnolence (extreme sleepiness). FATAL unless treated.

Melarsorprol - administered in propylene glycol. Only drug effective vs rhodesiense and goes to the CNS

Question 3

river blindness (onchocerciasis)

Vector, symptoms, treatment?

Answer 3

black fly (multiple bites) and its nematode , primarily Saharan africa. (onchocerca volvulus)

Cloudy cornea and bumps on head

Ivermectin via Mass drug administration.

Question 4

Babesiosis

Vector, symptoms, treatment?

Answer 4

Deer tick

Question 5

Leishmaniasis

Vector, symptoms, treatment?

Answer 5

sand fly, Flagellated parasite in sand fly, multiple circular cells in a macrophage (you can see the nucleus and mitochondrial dna as two seperate dots.) (leishmania ssp.)

Cutaneous is most common (mucocutaneous very rare)
ulcerative skin lesions (volcano like), splenomegaly.

Meglumine antimoniate

Visceral form: life threatening, no skin infection, weight loss and enlarges spleen and liver, spleen is larger.

liposomal amphotericin B

Question 6

lymphatic filariasis

Vector, symptoms, treatment?

Answer 6

(elephantiasis) mosquito (wuchereria bancrofti)

Big limbs

Diethylcarbamazine (MDA)

Question 7

Toxoplasmosis

Vector, symptoms, treatment?

Answer 7

Cats (t. gondii)

in immunocomprimized: cerebral abscesses, most common focal brain disorder in aids patients
Ocular: red, painful, photophobic eye, ‘headlight in the fog’ lesion.

can cause fetal symptoms if the mother is infected during that pregnancy

Folate antigonist combo**
sulfadiazine and Pyrimethamine