Tuberculosis Detection and Control

Question 1

what is the causative agent of TB?

Answer 1

mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 2

describe tubercle bacilli

Answer 2

slender, rod-shaped bacterium
non-motile
strictly aerobic

Question 3

what system does TB usually attack

Answer 3

lungs (pulmonary TB)

Question 4

how is TB spread?

Answer 4

airborne by droplet nuclei

Question 5

what is the reservoir of TB?

Answer 5

ONLY humans

Question 6

what are the two stages of TB?

Answer 6

latent/dormant TB
active disease

Question 7

describe latent/dormant TB stage

Answer 7

infection can be given treatment to prevent the possible progression of disease
inactive, bacteria not multiplying
no symptoms
not infectious
not a case of TB

Question 8

describe the active disease stage

Answer 8

active, bacteria multiplying
symptoms, infectious, a case of TB

Question 9

what are some pulmonary symptoms of TB

Answer 9

chronic cough
chest pain
hemoptysis

Question 10

what are some systemic symptoms of TB

Answer 10

fatigue
malaise
fever

Question 11

what are some risk factors of active TB?

Answer 11

HIV infection
overcrowding/malnutrition
recent TB infection
foreign born

Question 12

what are the two types of TB tests?

Answer 12

skin test (TST)
blood test (IGRA)

Question 13

isoniazid toxicity

Answer 13

drug-induced hepatitis: prevents normal function of liver

Question 14

signs/Sx of isoniazid toxicity

Answer 14

hepatitis (most dangerous side effect)
tingling of hands/feet

Question 15

multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB)

Answer 15

dangerous form of TB that results in resistance to first line medications

Question 16

USAF TB Detection & Control Program purpose

Answer 16

coordinated team effort to identify persons at high risk of developing TB

Question 17

references

Answer 17

AFI 48-101: Aerospace Medical Enterprise
AFI 48-105: PH Surveillance
CDC Guidelines

Question 18

base commander responsibility

Answer 18

all person under their command receive TB skin test

Question 19

Military Personnel Flight (MPF) responsibility

Answer 19

ensures all out-processing personnel receive a TST

Question 20

Medical Treatment Facility Commander responsibility

Answer 20

implement effective TB control program

Question 21

Immunization Clinic responsibility

Answer 21

place, read, record TSTs

Question 22

Provider responsibility

Answer 22

assess patients
plan treatment

Question 23

USAF TB Screening Program: risk groups

Answer 23

new military members
deployers
stationed overseas
health care workers
family members/beneficiaries
occupationally exposed

Question 24

all reactions of ___ mm or more are referred to PH

Answer 24

5

Question 25

false-positives TST

Answer 25

may react to TST but not infected w/ TB *infection with non-TB mycobacteria* *previous BCG vaccination*

Question 26

false-negative TST

Answer 26

may not react to TST but are infected with TB

Question 27

anergy

Answer 27

inability to react to skin tests bc of a weakened immune system

Question 28

recent TB infection is defined as?

Answer 28

less than 10 weeks after exposure

Question 29

reactor

Answer 29

any person with a positive TST and who have had negative tests previously

Question 30

convertor

Answer 30

any person who develops a positive TST preceded by a negative within the last two years

Question 31

5mm induration

Answer 31

HIV infection organ/marrow transplant x-rays positive of previous TB

Question 32

10mm induration

Answer 32

TB endemic areas BCG vaccination IV drug users high risk environments lab personnel children

Question 33

15mm induration

Answer 33

all person with NO known risk factors for TB

Question 34

what form does PH use for TB

Answer 34

AF Form 2453