Tuberculosis Flashcards
Who is at most risk of TB?
Those that are non-UK born recent migrants, people with HIV and other immunocompromised conditions
Which bacteria cause TB?
bacteria belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
Describe the bacteria that cause TB
non-motile rod shaped bacteria, aerobes with complex waxy cell walls
How is TB transmitted?
Droplets in the air, requires prolonged exposure
What are the 2 types of TB?
Active disease and latent infection (causes post-primary)
What are the pulmonary symptoms of TB?
fever, night sweats, weight loss, cough, tiredness
Are there usually symptoms in primary TB?
no
Name 3 risk factors for re-activation?
HIV, substance abuse, Organ transplant, diabetes, low body weight, prolonged corticosteroids
What histology is seen in TB?
Granulomas with caseous necrosis
What investigations should be done for TB/
CXR and sputum culture
What stain is used for TB?
Ziehl Neelson
Which 4 drugs are given in combination for TB?
Rifampicin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide and Ethambutol
Why is Vitamin D given for TB?
It has been shown to speed up clearance in the lungs in people that are multi-drug resistant
What is Miliary TB?
The bacilli spread through the blood stream and affect other organs
