TUBERCULOSIS

Question 1

Considered as the world’s deadliest disease

Answer 1

TUBERCULOSIS

Question 2

It is a highly infectious chronic disease caused by the
caused by a type of bacteria called

Answer 2

Mycobacterium
tuberculosis or Tubercle bacilli.

Question 3

People with active TB disease

Answer 3

(i.e. those who
also show signs and symptoms of the disease)

Question 4

People with latent TB infection

Answer 4

(i.e. people
who have the TB bacteria but do not show any
symptoms) cannot spread TB bacteria to
others

Question 5

The most hazardous period for development of
clinical disease is the first ____ months after
infectio

Answer 5

6-12

Question 6

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

Answer 6

Persistent Cough
Hemoptysis
Fever
Night Sweats
Unexplained Weight Loss
Loss of Appetite
Fatigue or Weakness
Chest Pain
Back Pain
Shortness of Breath

Question 7

MOST SUSCEPTIBLE TO TB

Answer 7

malnourished individuals
Children

Question 8

. Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB)

Answer 8

The most common

Question 9

. Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis

Answer 9

bacteria spread outside the lungs
to other parts of the body.

Question 10

3. Drug-Sensitive Tuberculosis (DS-TB)

Answer 10

t is susceptible to
the standard first-line anti-TB drugs

Question 11

first-line anti-TB drugs (

Answer 11

such as
rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and
ethambutol)

Question 12

Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (DR-TB)

Answer 12

when
Mycobacterium tuberculosis becomes
resistant to at least one of the drugs used to
treat TB

Question 13

Multidrug-Resistant TB (MDR-TB):

Answer 13

Resistant to at least isoniazid and
rifampicin, the two most effective firstline drugs

Question 14

Extensively Drug-Resistant TB
(XDR-TB):

Answer 14

Resistant to isoniazid,
rifampicin, and at least one secondline drug (fluoroquinolones) and one
injectable drug (amikacin, kanamycin,
or capreomycin).

Question 15

Pre-XDR-TB

Answer 15

Resistant to either a
fluoroquinolone or an injectable drug,
but not both.

Question 16

4. Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (DR-TB)

Treatment:

Answer 16

DR-TB requires a more complex
and longer treatment regimen, often lasting
18-24 months or more with second-line drugs.

Question 17

Latent Tuberculosis (LTBI)

Answer 17

This is a non-contagious form of
TB where the person is infected with
Mycobacterium tuberculosis but does not have
active disease. The bacteria remain dormant
in the body.

Question 18

Primary Tuberculosis

Answer 18

This refers to the initial infection
with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which may
or may not progress to active TB. It often
occurs in people who have never been
exposed to TB before

Question 19

Secondary Tuberculosis (Reactivation TB)

Answer 19

This form occurs when latent TB
becomes active again,

Question 20

Military Tuberculosis

Answer 20

This is a severe form of TB
where the bacteria spread throughout the
body, often affecting multiple organs

Question 21

Isoniazid (INH)

Answer 21

• crucial for its bactericidal action.
• are the mainstay of TB treatment.

Question 22

Rifampicin (RIF)

Answer 22

• considered the most essential TB drug due to
  its high efficacy in killing rapidly multiplying
  bacteria, its role in both the intensive and
  continuation treatment phases, and its
  significance in identifying multidrug-resistant
  TB (MDR-TB).

Question 23

Pyrazinamide (PZA)

Answer 23

• targets dormant bacteria in the intensive
  phase

Question 24

Ethambutol (EMB)

Answer 24

• used for children over 5 years old or when
  drug resistance is suspected

Question 25

TYPES OF TB TESTING

1. Skin Tests
   Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) or Mantoux Test:

Answer 25

A small amount of purified protein derivative
(PPD) is injected under the skin of the
forearm.

48-72 hours, the injection site is
examined for swelling

size of the induration determines if the
result is positive

Question 26

.TYPES OF TB TESTING

Blood Tests
Interferon-Gamma Release Assays (IGRAs):

Answer 26

Measure the immune system’s response to TB
antigens in a blood sample

Two common types:
o QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFTPlus):
Two common types:
o QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFTPlus):

Not affected by the BCG vaccine.

Question 27

3. Diagnostic Tests for Active TB

Answer 27

These are used when TB disease is suspected:

Sputum Tests:
 Imaging:
Drug Sensitivity Testing (DST):
Biopsy and Other Body Fluids Testing:

Question 28

4. Emerging Tests

Answer 28

(LF-LAM):Detects TB in urine, particularly useful
in HIV-positive individuals.

Question 29

NATIONAL TUBERCULOSIS CONTROL PROGRAm
establish ibn

Answer 29

1978