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CHN FINALS > HEALTH TEACHING TOPICS > Flashcards

HEALTH TEACHING TOPICS Flashcards

1
Q

The Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) was
established by the World Health Organization (WHO) in

A

1976

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2
Q

Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) was To ensure that

A

infants/children and mothers have
access to routinely recommended infant/childhood
vaccines.

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3
Q

Six vaccine-preventable diseases were initially included
in the EPI

A

tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, diphtheria, tetanus,
pertussis and measles

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4
Q

Vaccines under the EPI are

A

BCG birth dose
Hepatitis B
birth dose

Oral Poliovirus Vaccine, Pentavalent Vaccine,
Measles Containing Vaccines (Antimeasles Vaccine,
Measles, Mumps, Rubella) and Tetanus Toxoid

Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine 13

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5
Q

. In 2014,
_____ was included in the
routine immunization of EPI.

A

Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine 13

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6
Q

This 2016, the Expanded Program on Immunization will
transition to become the

A

National Immunization Program.

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7
Q

National Immunization Program. It
will include immunizations of

A

other populations such as
senior citizen immunization, school-age immunization, and
adolescent immunizations

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8
Q

GOAL OF EPI
* Over-all Goal:

A

To reduce the morbidity and mortality
among children against the most common vaccinepreventable diseases

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9
Q

Target of the program: EPI

A

Achieve 95% Fully Immunized
Child Coverage

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10
Q

Recipients of the Program:

A

The program sought to provide immunizations for
infants (0-1 year of age) children (mandatory for
under 5 years old) for maximum immunity against
the six vaccine preventable diseases

Every
Wednesday is designated as immunization day and is adopted in all parts of the country

Immunization is
done monthly in barangay health stations, quarterly
(ukon kaisa kada tatlo ka bulan) in remote areas of
the country.

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11
Q

PROPER WAY OF ADMINISTERING VACCINE

The vaccines under EPI are

A

BCG, Hepatitis B, DPT
(diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus), Oral Poliovirus Vaccine
(OPV), Rotavirus vaccine (Rotavax), Pneumococcal
Conjugate Vaccine (PCV), MCV 1 (Anti-Measels Vaccine),
MCV 2 (Measles, Mumps, Rubella - MMR) and Tetanus
Toxoid.

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12
Q

IMMUNIZATION ON TETANUS TOXOID

A

vaccines used to prevent tetanus (also
known as lockjaw)

caused by Clostridium
tetani bacteria

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13
Q

Tetanus is a serious illness that causes

A

convulsions (seizures) and severe muscle spasms that can
be strong enough to cause bone fractures of the spine.

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14
Q

The first dose of tetanus toxoid is given at the

A

pregnant
mother the 1st contact at birth

It is given 0.5 ml dose intramuscularly specifically at the left
deltoid muscle

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15
Q

HEPA B

A

Hepa B to prevent Hepatitis B. Composed of RNA recombinant plasma derived (virus), it is given to the child:
0.5 mL single dose at birth.

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16
Q

DPT

A

DPT to prevent diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus

It is given to the child at 6 wks, 10 wks, and 14 wks of age
(three doses : 0.5 mL per dose)

STUDY

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17
Q

OPV / Oral Poliovirus Vaccine

A

to prevent polio

This type
is composed of a live attenuated virus. Given to the child
orally at 6 wks, 10 wks, and 14 wks of age (three doses
: 0.1 mL or 2 drops per dose)

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18
Q

ROTAVAX

A

to prevent rotavirus. Having a live attenuated
virus, it is given to the child orally at 6wks and 10wks of
age (two doses : 1 mL per dose)

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19
Q

PVC OR PNEMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE

A

to prevent
pneumonia and meningitis.

. It is composed of a conjugate,
and given to the child at 2mos, 4mos, 6mos, and 12-
15mos of age (four doses : 0.5 mL per dose).

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20
Q

MCV / MEASLES CONTAINING VACCINES

A

There are two types of MCV or Measles Containing
Vaccines. MCV1 is used to prevent measles. This type of
vaccine is composed of a live attenuated virus, and it is
given to the child: 0.5 mL single dose at 6-9mos of age.
* MCV2 or MMR to prevent measles, mumps, and rubella.
This type of vaccine is also composed of a live attenuated
virus, and it is given to the child: 0.5 mL single dose at 12-
15 mos of age.

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21
Q

Herbal medicine is the use of plants, or parts of plants, to
treat injuries or illnesses, to improve overall health and
wellness. It is one of the oldest forms of medicine, dating
back to the ____, about 60,000 years ago.

A

Paleolithic age

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22
Q

also known as the “Traditional and
Alternative Medicine Act (TAMA) of 1997,”

A

Republic Act 8423,

is a Philippine
law that recognizes the importance of traditional and
alternative medicine in the country’s healthcare system

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23
Q

STUDY 10 HERBAL MEDICINE

A
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24
Q

PHARMACOKINETIC INTERACTIONS

A

occur when one treatment affects the absorption,
distribution, metabolism, or excretion of another
treatment in the body

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25
Q

PHARMACOKINETIC INTERACTIONS

or example

A

For example, bawang (garlic), a herbal remedy
used to lower cholesterol and blood pressure, can
induce the activity of certain enzymes in the liver
that break down many drugs, such as
anticoagulants, contraceptives, and
antiretrovirals. This can reduce the blood levels
and effectiveness of these drugs, and increase the
risk of treatment failure or resistance.

26
Q

PHARMACODYNAMIC INTERACTIONS

A

occur when one treatment affects the action or
response of another treatment at the target site,
such as a receptor, an enzyme, or a channel

27
Q

PHARMACODYNAMIC INTERACTIONS

or example

A

For example, ampalaya (bitter melon), a herbal
remedy used for diabetes, can lower the blood
sugar levels and enhance the effects of insulin or
oral hypoglycemic agents. This can cause
hypoglycemia or low blood sugar, which can be
dangerous if not treated promptly.

28
Q

TRADITIONAL MEDICINE

A

The sum total of knowledge, skills, and practices based on
the theories, beliefs, and experiences indigenous to
different cultures, whether explicable or not, used in the
maintenance of health as well as in the prevention,
diagnosis, improvement or treatment of physical and mental
illness.

29
Q

Acupuncture

A

This involves inserting thin needles into specific
points on the body to stimulate energy flow.

It is often
used for pain management, nausea relief, and
promoting overall well-being

30
Q

Ayurveda

A

An ancient Indian system of medicine that
emphasizes balancing the body’s energies. This
addresses various health conditions through
personalized diets, herbal remedies, and lifestyle
adjustments.

31
Q

Homeopathy

A

Based on the principle of “like cures like”, using
highly diluted substances to stimulate the body’s
healing response. This is commonly employed for
allergies, digestive issues, and chronic conditions.

32
Q

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)

A

Encompasses acupuncture, herbal medicine,
massage, and dietary therapy, focusing on balancing
vital energies. This addresses a range of conditions,
including pain, digestive disorders, and emotional
well-being

33
Q

Food fortification

A

is defined as the practice of adding
vitamins and minerals to commonly consumed foods during
processing to increase their nutritional value.

34
Q

“THE PHILIPPINE FOOD FORTIFICATION ACT OF
2000”

A

R.A 8976

35
Q

R.A 8976 “THE PHILIPPINE FOOD FORTIFICATION ACT OF
2000”

It uses the ____ to
encourage food manufacturers to fortify their products.

A

Sangkap Pinoy Seal Program (SPSP)

36
Q

R.A 8976 “THE PHILIPPINE FOOD FORTIFICATION ACT OF
2000”

It was signed into law by Former President

A

Joseph Ejercito
Estrada on November 2, 2000.

37
Q

The primary goal of RA 8976 is to improve the

A

nutritional status of the Filipino population by fortifying
staple foods with essential micronutrients.

38
Q

RA 8976 specifies the essential
micronutrients that should be added to the fortified foods.
These include

A

iron, iodine, Vitamin A, and other nutrients
that are crucial for proper growth, development, and overall
health.

39
Q

“AN ACT PROMOTING SALT
IODIZATION NATIONWIDE AND FOR RELATED
PURPOSES”

A

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8172

40
Q

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8172

A

require all producers manufacturers of food-grade salt to
iodize the salt that they produce, manufacture, import, trade
or distribute

41
Q

CRITERIA FOR EFFECTIVE FOOD FORTIFICATION

A
  1. The intake of the nutrient is below the desirable level in the
    diets of a significant number of people.
  2. The food used to supply the nutrient is likely to be
    consumed in quantities that will make a significant
    contribution to the diet of the population in need.
  3. The addition of the nutrient is not likely to create an
    imbalance of essential nutrients
  4. The nutrient is stable under proper conditions of storage
    and use.
  5. The nutrient is physiologically available from the food.
  6. There is reasonable assurance against excessive intake to
    a level of toxicity.
42
Q

Fortification
TYPES AND METHODS

Mass Fortification

A

Designed for the general public and is
usually mandatory

43
Q

Fortification
TYPES AND METHODS

  1. Target Fortification
A

Designed for a specific population
subgroup and can be either mandatory or voluntary,
depending on the severity of the public health issue it aims
to tackle

44
Q

Fortification
TYPES AND METHODS

Market-Driven Fortification:

A

Allows voluntary fortification
of foods by manufacturers available in the marketplace but
it operates under regulatory limits set by authorities. The
food manufacturer chooses to add one or more
micronutrients to processed foods in compliance with
government regulations and standards

45
Q

Fortification
TYPES AND METHODS

Biofortification

A

: Advanced technique applied during crop
production to improve the nutritional value, especially,
essential micronutrients like minerals and vitamins through
innovative biotechnology practices. It includes breeding and
genetic modification of plants to increase their nutrient
content

46
Q

Fortification
TYPES AND METHODS

Point-of-Use/Home Fortification

A

Incorporation of
minerals and vitamins to food that has been cooked and
ready for consumption. It is also known as ‘point-of-use’
fortification, which can take place in various settings
including schools and refugee camps.

47
Q

Fortification
TYPES AND METHODS

Household and Community Fortification

A

: Fortification of
foods with one or more micro-nutrient at the household
level. It is considered a combination of supplementation and
fortification.

48
Q

COMPLICATIONS OF UNDERNUTRITION

A

Muscle function

Cardio-respiratory function-

Gastrointestinal function

Immunity and wound healing-

Psychosocial effects-

sTUDY\

49
Q

SAMPLES AND TYPES OF FORTIFIED FOODS

Fortification of Rice with Iron

A

Aimed to enhance bioavailable iron intake in the
Filipino diet and reduce anemia by fortifying rice at 3
mg per 100 g

50
Q

Iodization of Salt

A

Republic Act No. 8172,
enacted in November 1995, is committed to
achieving universal salt iodization to address not
only goiter but all types of Iodine-Deficiency
Disorders (IDD)

51
Q

Fortification of Margarine with Vitamin A

A

the vitamin A–
fortified margarine became the first food product to
be awarded the Department of Health’s Sangkap
Pinoy seal, signifying proper fortification and highquality standards as recognized by the government.

52
Q

Fortification of Wheat Flour with Vitamin A

A

The study demonstrated an impressive 80%
retention of added vitamin A in both the flour and
baked pandesal over one month, with no significant
changes in color, odor, or flavor.

53
Q

Fortification of Cooking Oil with Vitamin A

A

Commercially available nationwide and carrying the
Sangkap Pinoy seal, an efficacy trial on the vitamin
A–fortified cooking oil is planned in collaboration with
the Philippine Coconut Authority

54
Q

Fortification of Processed Food

A

The Sangkap Pinoy seal program, operating in
tandem with food fortification efforts, strives to
incentivize food manufacturers to produce highquality fortified products. This seal is awarded to
manufacturers meeting standards for fortifying
products with vitamin A, iron, and iodine

55
Q

Tb Caused by a bacterium called

A

Mycobacterium
tuberculosis.

56
Q

World’s second most common cause of death from
infectious disease after HIV/AIDS

A

Tuberculosis (TB)

57
Q

Pulmonary Tuberculosis
2. Avian Tuberculosis
3. Bovine Tuberculosis
4. Miliary Tuberculosis / Disseminated Tuberculosis

A

(Micobacterium avium; of birds)

(Mycobacterium bovis; of cattle)

(invade the blood stream and spread to all body organs.

58
Q

There are two different types of tests for TB infection, a
blood test and a skin test.

A

With a blood test, a small amount of your blood is
taken for the test.

o With a TST skin test, a small amount of fluid is
placed under the skin of the forearm and requires
two visits

59
Q

TREATMENT FOR LATENT TB INFECTION

A
  • Should take medicine to prevent the development of TB
    disease, even though they don’t feel sick.
  • Treatment is highly recommended for people who have a
    higher risk of developing TB disease once they have TB
    infection.
  • This includes people with HIV infection, people who were
    recently exposed to someone with TB disease, and people
    with certain medical conditions such as substance users,
    diabetes, RA, and Crohn’s disease.
60
Q
A

CHN FINALS (9 decks)

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