mhGAP Flashcards
What is Mental health?
Mental health is defined as a state of well-being
in which every individual realizes his or her own
potential, can cope with the normal stresses of
life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is
able to make a contribution to her or his
community (WHO,1999)
mhGAP (DOH definition)
Refers to a training program an intervention guide in the treatment and
management of MNS disorders and adapted for
use in the Philippine context
Defined Burden
Refers to the burden currently affecting persons
with mental disorders and is measured in terms
of prevalence and other indicators such as
quality of life indicators and disability adjusted
life years (DALY)
Undefined Burden
Is the portion of the burden relating to the impact
of mental health problems to persons other than
the individual directly affected.
Hidden Burden
Refers to the stigma and violations of human
rights. Stigma is a mark of shame, disgrace or
approval that results in a person being shunned
or rejected by others.
. Future Burden
Refers to the buden in the future resulting from
the aging of the population, increasing social
problems and unrest inherited from the existing
burden.
mhGAP VISION
promotes the well-being of all Filipinos
mhGAP Mission
promote over-all wellness of all Filipinos, prevent
mental, psychosocial, and neurologic disorders,
substance abuse and other forms of addiction, and
reduce burden of disease by improving access to quality
care and recovery in order to attain the highest possible
level of health to participate fully in society.
GOALS OF MHGAP
Closing the GAP between what is urgently
needed and what is currently available to
reduce the burden of mental, neurological, and
substance use disorders worldwide by:
The priority conditions acknowledged by the
criteria mentioned above for mhGAP:
o depression
o schizophrenia
o suicide
o epilepsy
o dementia
o disorders due to use of illicit drugs
o mental disorders in children
Psychosis
involves distorted thoughts, perceptions,
emotions, and behaviors, with symptoms like
hallucinations, disorganized behavior, and
emotional disconnect. The most common
disorder is schizophrenia
Schizophrenia
characterized by delusions, hallucinations,
disorganized speech and behavior, and other
symptoms that cause social or occupational
dysfunction
The treatment of schizophrenia is divided into three key
phases:
Acute Phase
phase starts with new or worsening
psychotic symptoms and lasts until symptoms
return to baseline
Interventions include
reorientation, de-escalation, and rapid
neuroleptization to quickly control severe
symptoms.
The treatment of schizophrenia is divided into three key
phases:
Stabilization Phase
transition to a more stable
condition
3 to 6
months.
continue the
antipsychotic medication
The treatment of schizophrenia is divided into three key
phases:
Maintenance Phase
sustaining the patient’s
symptom control and preventing relapse
The
aim is to maintain remission, ensuring that the
patient continues to manage their symptoms
and maintain a functional state in their daily life
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
persistent
low mood and loss of interest, impacting
thoughts, behavior, emotions, relationships,
and productivity.
Bipolar Disorder (Bipolar i)
manic or hypomanic episodes, often with
depressive episodes, causing significant
functional impairment
C. Bipolar II
is characterized by the predominance of
depressive episodes, its treatment mirrors the
treatment of bipolar I depression
Dementia
is a term used to describe a large group of
conditions affecting the brain which cause a progressive decline in a person’s ability to
function
ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
It is the most common cause of dementia. It is
a progressive disease marked by
neuropathologic changes which include neuritic
plaques and neurofibrillary tangles
VASCULAR DEMENTIA
It can occur when
blood flow to the brain becomes reduced.
Vascular dementia can also be called vascular
cognitive impairment and is sometimes split into
more specific types.
Epilepsy
a disease of the brain defined by any of the
following conditions:
1. At least two unprovoked (or reflex) seizures
occurring >24 hours apart.
Epileptic Seizure
Manifestation (s) of epileptic (excessive and/or
hypersynchronous) usually self-limited activity
of neurons in the brain
CLASSIFICATION OF SEIZURE TYPES:
Focal Seizures
start in an area or network of
cells on one side of the brain. Focal to Bilateral
Seizure - a seizure that starts in one side or part
of the brain and spreads to both sides has been
called a secondary generalized seizure.
CLASSIFICATION OF SEIZURE TYPES:
Generalized Seizures
engage or involve
networks on both sides of the brain at the onset.
CLASSIFICATION OF SEIZURE TYPES
Unknown Onset -
if the onset of seizure is
unknown.
. Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD)
- Conditions resulting
from different patterns of alcohol consumption include acute alcohol intoxication, harmful alcohol use, the
alcohol dependence syndrome, and the alcohol
withdrawal state.
. Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD)
Acute Intoxication
a transient condition
following intake of alcohol resulting in
disturbances of
consciousness, cognition,
perception, affect or behavior
. Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD)
Harmful use of alcohol
a pattern of alcohol
consumption that is causing damage to
health
. Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD)
Alcohol Dependence
a cluster of
physiological, behavioral and cognitive
phenomena in which the use of alcohol takes
on a much higher priority for a given individual
than other behaviors that once had greater
value.
The Course of Treatment and Management of a Person
with Alcohol Use Disorders Undergoes 3 Phases:
- Detoxification and Withdrawal Management
- Rehabilitation Program
- After-Care and Follow-Up.
Mentally Ill Chemical Abuse (MICA)
Refers to individuals who have both a mental illness (like schizophrenia or bipolar disorder) and a substance abuse problem (e.g., alcohol or drugs).
EXTRAPYRAMIDAL SYMPTOMS (EPS)
re side effects caused by certain medications (usually antipsychotics) that affect the nervous system and control of movement.
