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infectious disease > Tuberculosis > Flashcards

Tuberculosis Flashcards

1
Q

Why did men want to get TB

A

made them smarter

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2
Q

why did women want to get TB?

A

made them “beautiful”, pale, thin, red lips

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3
Q

What was tuberculosis once known as?

A

consumption

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4
Q

What other diesease made an co-infection with TB

A

HIV

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5
Q

what is early tuberculosis also referred to as

A

granuloma

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6
Q

what happens to the inner cells of the area infected with TB?

A

become necrotic

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7
Q

what happens to white blood cells when infected with TB

A

harden and calcify

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8
Q

where can TB survive

A

low oxygen environment

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9
Q

what happens to the cells inside the granuloma

A

die and create gas

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10
Q

symptoms of TB

A

fever, coughing, weight loss, malaise, pregessive lung damaged

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11
Q

systemic TB

A

can infect any area of the body
bones, joints , internal organs, and brain

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12
Q

what parts of the body can systemic TB infect?

A

bones and joints, internal organs, brains

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13
Q

where can M.Tuberculosis survive

A

inactivated macrophages

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14
Q

What causes TB to travel throughout the body

A

M.Tuberculosis inhabiting macrophages

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15
Q

what cause someone to more likely to have a poor outcome from TB?

A

prone to inflammatory conditions

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16
Q

what is involved in controlling the infectious

A

T-cells

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17
Q

what is a causative agent for tuberculosis

A

M tuberculosis

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18
Q

How does TB spread

A

Aerosols

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19
Q

TB skin test

A

inject of M.tuberculosis proteins
-postive test leads to red area at injection site

20
Q

What activates macrophages

A

Gamma interferon (IFN-y)

21
Q

what kills infected macrophages

A

cytoptoxic T-cells (Tc-cells)

22
Q

Healthy individual exposed to low dose

A

activated macrophages stop infection.

23
Q

individuals unable to mount a rapid respones

A

bacteria multiply in lung macrophages

24
Q

diagnoiss of TB

A

acid fast staining of sputum samples

25
Q

latent TB

A

infected with TB, no diesease, not sick, not infectious
Goal- prevent future active disease.

26
Q

active TB

A

TB infection progressed to TB disease, usually sick, infectious if pulmonary and not infectious if not pulmonary.

27
Q

pulmonary

A

relating to lungs

28
Q

how did humans acquire tuberculosis

A

domesticated animals

29
Q

Streptomycin

A

first antibiotic used against M. tuberculosis
did not always cure pateints
slowly dividing cells became resistant

30
Q

Rifampin

A

used to treat TB and prophylactically for bacterial meningitis
-resistant mutants arise readily
-used in combination with other drugs

31
Q

Isoniazid

A

isonictinic acid hydrazide or INH
-must converted into the active form by a bacterial enzyme ( catalase-peroxidase)
-inhibits the formation of mycolic acid
-resistance occur by inactivation of catalase-peroxidase or by mutation of enzyme in mycolic acid synthesis pathway

32
Q

Pyrazinamide

A

bacterial enzyme (pZase) converts it to pyrazinoic acid ( active form)
-target of drug is unknown
uptake increases under acidic conditions
-targets bacterail insde phagocytic cells

33
Q

Pyrazinamide

A

bacterial enzyme (pZase) converts it to pyrazinoic acid ( active form)
-target of drug is unknown
uptake increases under acidic conditions
-targets bacterail insde phagocytic cells

34
Q

How long does it take to kill a cell

A

roughly 3 minutes

35
Q

what happens to the tubercles that causes them to become visible in X-rays

A

they calcify

36
Q

what do the calccification look like on a xray

A

cloudy spots

37
Q

what does the growth of the bacteria cause

A

the insde of the tubercle to liquefy

38
Q

how long can bacteria in the tubercles survive

A

decades

39
Q

reactivation

A

bacteria breaks out of the lesions and multiple

40
Q

what causes reactivation

A

suppression of the immune system

41
Q

what can lead to reactivation

A

old age, cancer, HIV, immunosuppressive drugs

42
Q

How many people fell ill to TB in 2020

A

10 million
-5.6 million men
-3.3million women
1.1million childern

43
Q

challenges to public health system

A

-educate, coordinate care with private sector
-identify support services
-Treat TB in geriatric populations
-treat TB in childern
-Deal with alchohol, drug abusing , incarcerated, and or homless patients

44
Q

what was the problem with rifampin

A

resistant mutants arise, was killing good bacteria, depleting layer of immune cell

45
Q

what was the problem with streptomycin

A

didn’t always cure slowly dividing cells became resistant

46
Q

mycin

A

attacks bacterial ribosome

infectious disease (5 decks)

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