COVID-19 Flashcards
coronavirus
a large family of viruses, some cause illness in humans, and other cuase illness in animals, such as bats, camels, and civets
what is the most likely ecological reservoir for coronavirus
bats
where do the coronavirueses belong
coronavirdae family
what does the corona in coronavirus represent
crown-like spikes on the surface of virus
eneveloped viruses
small in size(65-125nm in diameter) and contain a single stranded RNA as nucleic material, size ranging from 26 to 32 kbs in lenght
how many human coronavirses are there
7
what make up the 7 human coronaviruses
4 normal and 3 “novel”
what do the spikes on the virus allow
attachment to the human cell receptors
what does the coronavirus genome encode for?
4 or 5 structural protiens
what are the 5 different structural proteins
S, M, N, E, HE
what are the novel coronaviruses predominately
lower respiratory tract
what are examples of novel coronaviruses
SARS, MERS, SARS-CoV-2
what does a novel coronaviris attach
ACE-2-receptors
how much stronger does SARS-CoV-2 bind to the ace 2 receptors compared to SARS?
10-20 times
ADE
antibody dependent enchancement
what is the agent of covid-19?
SARS-CoV2
what is the reservoir of covide-19
unknown
what is the portal of exit for covid-19?
unkown
what is the mode of transmission for covid-19
airborne and aerosols
what is the portal of entry for covid-19
ears nose throat
when are humans at higher risk fro covid-19
right after puberty
what is the first thing in a new infection you see
sick people
where did covid-19 start
wuhan, china
virus hunters
collect data and testing samples
why are people more susceptible to covid-19 after puberty
puberty up regulates ACE 2 Receptors
how long does SARS-Cov2 last in the air
up to 4 hours
how long does SARS-cov2 last on cardboard
24 hours
how long does SARS-CoV2 last on platic stainless steel
2-3 days
symptoms of covid-19
fever of 100 degrees, shortness of breath, dry cough, chills, muscle pains
week 1 of covid-19
fever, fatigue/malaise, dry cough, dyspnea
week 2 of covid-19
15-20% develop severe dyspena due to viral pneumonia
week 2-3 of covid-19
1/3 of hospitalize patients need ICU care, 1/2 needing itubated
what were some risk conditions for covid-19
age, diabetes, coronary heart disease
clinical criteria
fever or history of fever, acute respiratory infection, loss of smell or taste
probable case
had testing done
suspect case
educated guess, no testing
what covid vaccines are mRNA vaccines
Pfizer and Moderna
which covid vaccines are viral vector vaccines
Johnson and Johnson
oxford/astrazeneca
Cansino biologicas
how long is the mRNA from an mRNA vaccine stable in the body
4-6 hours
what is encoded in the mRNA from an mRNA vaccine
lipids and spike protein
what do the adenovirus vector vaccines do
insert a modified version of the virus into us
why is the Johnson & johnson vaccine less effective?
body may kill it before it reaches the cells
case fatality rate
ratio of death from certain disease to the total number of people diagnosed with this disease for a certain period
mortality rate
number of deaths in general or due to specific cause in particular population per unit of time
epidemic threshold
level of incidence above which an urgent response is needed
when did the CDC first start in the US
1950s
pyrazinamide
bacteria enzyme converts it to pyrizine acid
what does isoniazid inhibit the formation of
mycolic acid
isonicotinic acid hydrazine or INH
isoniazid
S
spikes on the outside, mediates receptor binding
M
membrane protein, assists viral assembly
N
nucleocapsid protein; regulation of viral RNA synthesis, may interact with M protein during virus budding
E
small envelope protein; function necessary but not fully understood
HE
hemagglutnin-esterase glycoprotein in beta coronavirus OC43 and HKU1 only enhances uptake into mucosal
Myths
- donald trump named it
2.only asian men get coronavirus
3.covid 19 - was predicted in 1981 - respiratory viral panel tests for this
5.coronavirus comes from beer
