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infectious disease > COVID-19 > Flashcards

COVID-19 Flashcards

1
Q

coronavirus

A

a large family of viruses, some cause illness in humans, and other cuase illness in animals, such as bats, camels, and civets

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2
Q

what is the most likely ecological reservoir for coronavirus

A

bats

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3
Q

where do the coronavirueses belong

A

coronavirdae family

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4
Q

what does the corona in coronavirus represent

A

crown-like spikes on the surface of virus

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5
Q

eneveloped viruses

A

small in size(65-125nm in diameter) and contain a single stranded RNA as nucleic material, size ranging from 26 to 32 kbs in lenght

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6
Q

how many human coronavirses are there

A

7

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7
Q

what make up the 7 human coronaviruses

A

4 normal and 3 “novel”

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8
Q

what do the spikes on the virus allow

A

attachment to the human cell receptors

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9
Q

what does the coronavirus genome encode for?

A

4 or 5 structural protiens

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10
Q

what are the 5 different structural proteins

A

S, M, N, E, HE

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11
Q

what are the novel coronaviruses predominately

A

lower respiratory tract

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12
Q

what are examples of novel coronaviruses

A

SARS, MERS, SARS-CoV-2

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13
Q

what does a novel coronaviris attach

A

ACE-2-receptors

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14
Q

how much stronger does SARS-CoV-2 bind to the ace 2 receptors compared to SARS?

A

10-20 times

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15
Q

ADE

A

antibody dependent enchancement

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16
Q

what is the agent of covid-19?

A

SARS-CoV2

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17
Q

what is the reservoir of covide-19

A

unknown

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18
Q

what is the portal of exit for covid-19?

A

unkown

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19
Q

what is the mode of transmission for covid-19

A

airborne and aerosols

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20
Q

what is the portal of entry for covid-19

A

ears nose throat

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21
Q

when are humans at higher risk fro covid-19

A

right after puberty

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22
Q

what is the first thing in a new infection you see

A

sick people

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23
Q

where did covid-19 start

A

wuhan, china

24
Q

virus hunters

A

collect data and testing samples

25
Q

why are people more susceptible to covid-19 after puberty

A

puberty up regulates ACE 2 Receptors

26
Q

how long does SARS-Cov2 last in the air

A

up to 4 hours

27
Q

how long does SARS-cov2 last on cardboard

A

24 hours

28
Q

how long does SARS-CoV2 last on platic stainless steel

A

2-3 days

29
Q

symptoms of covid-19

A

fever of 100 degrees, shortness of breath, dry cough, chills, muscle pains

30
Q

week 1 of covid-19

A

fever, fatigue/malaise, dry cough, dyspnea

31
Q

week 2 of covid-19

A

15-20% develop severe dyspena due to viral pneumonia

32
Q

week 2-3 of covid-19

A

1/3 of hospitalize patients need ICU care, 1/2 needing itubated

33
Q

what were some risk conditions for covid-19

A

age, diabetes, coronary heart disease

34
Q

clinical criteria

A

fever or history of fever, acute respiratory infection, loss of smell or taste

35
Q

probable case

A

had testing done

36
Q

suspect case

A

educated guess, no testing

37
Q

what covid vaccines are mRNA vaccines

A

Pfizer and Moderna

38
Q

which covid vaccines are viral vector vaccines

A

Johnson and Johnson
oxford/astrazeneca
Cansino biologicas

39
Q

how long is the mRNA from an mRNA vaccine stable in the body

A

4-6 hours

40
Q

what is encoded in the mRNA from an mRNA vaccine

A

lipids and spike protein

41
Q

what do the adenovirus vector vaccines do

A

insert a modified version of the virus into us

42
Q

why is the Johnson & johnson vaccine less effective?

A

body may kill it before it reaches the cells

43
Q

case fatality rate

A

ratio of death from certain disease to the total number of people diagnosed with this disease for a certain period

44
Q

mortality rate

A

number of deaths in general or due to specific cause in particular population per unit of time

45
Q

epidemic threshold

A

level of incidence above which an urgent response is needed

46
Q

when did the CDC first start in the US

A

1950s

47
Q

pyrazinamide

A

bacteria enzyme converts it to pyrizine acid

48
Q

what does isoniazid inhibit the formation of

A

mycolic acid

49
Q

isonicotinic acid hydrazine or INH

A

isoniazid

50
Q

S

A

spikes on the outside, mediates receptor binding

51
Q

M

A

membrane protein, assists viral assembly

52
Q

N

A

nucleocapsid protein; regulation of viral RNA synthesis, may interact with M protein during virus budding

53
Q

E

A

small envelope protein; function necessary but not fully understood

54
Q

HE

A

hemagglutnin-esterase glycoprotein in beta coronavirus OC43 and HKU1 only enhances uptake into mucosal

55
Q

Myths

A
  1. donald trump named it
    2.only asian men get coronavirus
    3.covid 19 - was predicted in 1981
  2. respiratory viral panel tests for this
    5.coronavirus comes from beer

infectious disease (5 decks)

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