Tubercolosis

Question 1

TB (obstructive disease) define

Answer 1

Infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, an acid-fast bacillus
Leading cause of death from a curable infectious disease throughout the world

Question 2

TB: pathophysiology

Answer 2

Airborne droplet transmission
Tubercle formation: Granulomatous lesion
Caseous necrosis: Cheeselike material
May remain dormant for life or cause active disease
Isolation of bacilli by enclosing them in tubercles and surrounding the tubercles with scar tissue

Question 3

TB: Clinical manifestation

Answer 3

Latent tuberculosis infection: Asymptomatic
Fatigue, weight loss, lethargy, anorexia (loss of appetite), a low-grade fever that usually occurs in the afternoon, and night sweats; purulent cough

Question 4

TB: Diagnosis

Answer 4

Positive tuberculin skin test (TST) a purified protein derivative (PPD): Does not differentiate past, latent, or active disease
Sputum culture, immunoassays
Chest radiog

Question 5

TB: Treatment

Answer 5

Isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol
Drug-resistant bacilli: Combination of at least four drugs to which the microorganism is susceptible, administering for 18 months
Review drug effectiveness at 6 months