Pneumonia

Question 1

pneumonia (restrictive disease) define

Answer 1

Infection of the lower respiratory tract
Responsible for more disease and death than any other infection
Community-acquired pneumonia
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Health care–associated pneumonia
Hospital-acquired (nosocomial) pneumonia
Ventilator-associated pneumonia
Routes of infection
Aspiration – foreign object swallowed into the airways
Inhalation
Endotracheal tubes and suctioning

Question 2

Pneumoccocal pneumonia

Answer 2

ALI (acute lung injury), resulting in inflammatory cytokines and cells, causes alveolar edema.
Edema creates a medium for the multiplication of bacteria and aids in the spread of infection into adjacent portions of the lung.
Involved lobe undergoes consolidation.

Question 3

Viral pneumonia

Answer 3

seasonal; usually mild and self-limiting.
Can set the stage for a secondary bacterial infection.
Provides an ideal environment for bacterial growth and by damaging ciliated epithelial cells, which normally prevent pathogens from reaching the lower airways.
Most common form: Influenza

Question 4

PNEUMONIA: treatment

Answer 4

Establishment of adequate ventilation and oxygenation
May require mechanical ventilation
Adequate hydration
Good pulmonary hygiene (e.g., deep breathing, coughing, chest physical therapy)
Bacterial pneumonia: Antibiotics
Viral pneumonia: Supportive therapy alone, unless secondary bacterial infection is present
Severe cases: Antiviral medications and/or antifungal, multiple drugs