TTNB Flashcards

1
Q

What is Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn (TTN)?

A

A parenchymal lung disorder characterized by pulmonary edema resulting from delayed resorption and clearance of fetal alveolar fluid.

TTN typically presents in near-term and term infants.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What occurs during gestation in relation to pulmonary fluid?

A

The pulmonary epithelium actively secretes fluid and chloride into the air spaces.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What triggers the switch from fluid secretion to sodium resorption during labor?

A

A surge of fetal catecholamines.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What happens when sodium channels are inactivated or ineffective during TTN?

A

A larger volume of lung fluid is present, inhibiting gas exchange and causing increased work of breathing and hypoxia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How is fluid removed from the lungs in newborns?

A

Via the lymphatic system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are some risk factors for Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn?

A
  • Elective C-Section with or without labor
  • Excessive maternal sedation
  • Prolonged labor or precipitous deliveries
  • Maternal fluid overload
  • Breech delivery
  • Male sex
  • Macrosomia (BW > 4500 g)
  • Perinatal/birth asphyxia
  • IDM
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a consequence of lack of uterine contractions during delivery?

A

The infant misses the lung liquid efflux via the trachea due to high transpulmonary pressures.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the typical respiratory rate for an infant with TTN?

A

60 – 120 bpm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are common clinical signs of TTN?

A
  • Tachypnea
  • Rales
  • Grunting
  • Flaring
  • Retracting
  • Varying degrees of cyanosis
  • Barrel chest
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What findings might chest X-ray show in TTN?

A
  • Hyperexpansion
  • Prominent perihilar streaking
  • Depression of the diaphragm
  • Fluid in the minor fissure
  • Fluid in the pleural space
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the differential diagnosis for TTN?

A

TTN is a diagnosis of exclusion; consider:
* Pneumonia
* Heart disease
* RDS
* Metabolic disorders
* Polycythemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a distinguishing factor of RDS compared to TTN?

A

RDS typically occurs in premature infants and requires higher respiratory support.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the management approach for TTN?

A
  • Adequate oxygenation
  • Supportive care
  • Possibly antibiotics until pneumonia is ruled out
  • NPO if RR > 80
  • Fluids/Glucose for metabolic homeostasis
  • NTE to prevent hypothermia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the typical resolution time for TTN?

A

Usually resolves in 48 – 72 hours.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

True or False: Infants with TTN may require intubation if they need 100% oxygen.

A

True.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Fill in the blank: Infants delivered by breech or C-section miss fetal trunk flexion which increases abdominal pressure, forcing liquid out of the _______.

A

nose and mouth.