Abdominal & Genitourinary

Question 1

What should be checked in antenatal history during an abdominal assessment?

Answer 1

Abnormalities in ultrasound findings and amniotic fluid levels

Examples of ultrasound abnormalities include enlarged kidneys, masses, or dilated bowel. Amniotic fluid levels can indicate polyhydramnios or oligohydramnios.

Question 2

What does copious oral secretions indicate in delivery history?

Answer 2

Possible esophageal atresia

Question 3

What does bilious gastric contents suggest?

Answer 3

Possible bowel obstruction

Question 4

What is the best condition for observation/inspection during an assessment?

Answer 4

In a quiet state

Question 5

When should auscultation be performed in relation to palpation?

Answer 5

Before palpation

Question 6

What is the ideal time for palpation after birth?

Answer 6

Shortly after birth before air fills the bowel

Question 7

What is the normal appearance of an abdomen in a newborn?

Answer 7

Soft, rounded abdomen

Question 8

What does a sunken or scaphoid abdomen indicate?

Answer 8

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Question 9

What does a flaccid or lumpy abdomen suggest?

Answer 9

Prune belly syndrome

Question 10

What does a markedly distended abdomen suggest?

Answer 10

Bowel obstruction or necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)

Question 11

Define omphalocele.

Answer 11

Herniation of abdominal contents covered with a sac

Question 12

Define gastroschisis.

Answer 12

Protrusion of bowel without a covering sac

Question 13

What is exstrophy of the bladder?

Answer 13

Incomplete formation of the lower abdominal wall

Question 14

What is the normal appearance of the umbilical cord?

Answer 14

Shiny, gelatinous, with 2 arteries and 1 vein

Question 15

What does bulging or herniation of the umbilical cord indicate?

Answer 15

Check for omphalocele

Question 16

What does erythema of the umbilical cord suggest?

Answer 16

Possible omphalitis

Question 17

What indicates possible patent urachus in umbilical cord inspection?

Answer 17

Excessive drainage

Question 18

What is a normal finding when palpating the liver?

Answer 18

Smooth, firm edge extending 1-2 cm below costal margin

Question 19

What does an enlarged liver indicate?

Answer 19

Infection, CHF, or hematopoiesis

Question 20

Is the spleen normally palpable?

Answer 20

No

Question 21

What does a palpable spleen suggest?

Answer 21

Infection or hematopoiesis

Question 22

What is the normal size of the kidneys in a newborn?

Answer 22

Size of a large olive

Question 23

What does enlarged kidneys suggest?

Answer 23

Obstruction or cystic disease

Question 24

What does continuous distention of the bladder indicate?

Answer 24

Obstruction or CNS abnormality

Question 25

What are the most common renal masses?

Answer 25

Multicystic dysplastic kidney, hydronephrosis

Question 26

What are common adrenal masses?

Answer 26

Hemorrhage, neuroblastoma

Question 27

Where are GI duplications often found?

Answer 27

In the ileocecal area

Question 28

What are examples of pelvic/genital masses?

Answer 28

Ovarian cysts, teratomas

Question 29

What should be inspected in a male genitourinary assessment?

Answer 29

Scrotum and penis

Question 30

What does hypospadias refer to?

Answer 30

Urethral opening not at the tip

Question 31

What should be inspected in a female genitourinary assessment?

Answer 31

Labia, vaginal orifice, and urinary meatus

Question 32

What is a key guideline for abdominal assessment?

Answer 32

Perform systematic exams (observation, auscultation, palpation)

Question 33

What is important to keep in mind to facilitate accurate assessment in infants?

Answer 33

Keep the infant calm