Abdominal & Genitourinary Flashcards
What should be checked in antenatal history during an abdominal assessment?
Abnormalities in ultrasound findings and amniotic fluid levels
Examples of ultrasound abnormalities include enlarged kidneys, masses, or dilated bowel. Amniotic fluid levels can indicate polyhydramnios or oligohydramnios.
What does copious oral secretions indicate in delivery history?
Possible esophageal atresia
What does bilious gastric contents suggest?
Possible bowel obstruction
What is the best condition for observation/inspection during an assessment?
In a quiet state
When should auscultation be performed in relation to palpation?
Before palpation
What is the ideal time for palpation after birth?
Shortly after birth before air fills the bowel
What is the normal appearance of an abdomen in a newborn?
Soft, rounded abdomen
What does a sunken or scaphoid abdomen indicate?
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
What does a flaccid or lumpy abdomen suggest?
Prune belly syndrome
What does a markedly distended abdomen suggest?
Bowel obstruction or necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)
Define omphalocele.
Herniation of abdominal contents covered with a sac
Define gastroschisis.
Protrusion of bowel without a covering sac
What is exstrophy of the bladder?
Incomplete formation of the lower abdominal wall
What is the normal appearance of the umbilical cord?
Shiny, gelatinous, with 2 arteries and 1 vein
What does bulging or herniation of the umbilical cord indicate?
Check for omphalocele
What does erythema of the umbilical cord suggest?
Possible omphalitis
What indicates possible patent urachus in umbilical cord inspection?
Excessive drainage
What is a normal finding when palpating the liver?
Smooth, firm edge extending 1-2 cm below costal margin
What does an enlarged liver indicate?
Infection, CHF, or hematopoiesis
Is the spleen normally palpable?
No
What does a palpable spleen suggest?
Infection or hematopoiesis
What is the normal size of the kidneys in a newborn?
Size of a large olive
What does enlarged kidneys suggest?
Obstruction or cystic disease
What does continuous distention of the bladder indicate?
Obstruction or CNS abnormality
What are the most common renal masses?
Multicystic dysplastic kidney, hydronephrosis
What are common adrenal masses?
Hemorrhage, neuroblastoma
Where are GI duplications often found?
In the ileocecal area
What are examples of pelvic/genital masses?
Ovarian cysts, teratomas
What should be inspected in a male genitourinary assessment?
Scrotum and penis
What does hypospadias refer to?
Urethral opening not at the tip
What should be inspected in a female genitourinary assessment?
Labia, vaginal orifice, and urinary meatus
What is a key guideline for abdominal assessment?
Perform systematic exams (observation, auscultation, palpation)
What is important to keep in mind to facilitate accurate assessment in infants?
Keep the infant calm
