Neurologic Flashcards
What are the components of Neonatal Neurological Assessment?
History Collection, Observation, Physical Examination
Each component includes specific assessments such as maternal health history, behavioral state, and muscle tone.
What should be included in the history collection during a neonatal neurological assessment?
Maternal health history, intrapartum events, postnatal course
This includes medications, infections, substance use, and Apgar scores.
What behavioral states are assessed during neonatal observation?
Alert, stupor, coma
These states help determine the neurological status of the neonate.
What does cry quality indicate in a neonatal assessment?
Strong vs. weak, high-pitched cries indicating pathology
The quality of the cry can suggest underlying neurological issues.
What is assessed in the physical examination of a neonate?
Head circumference, fontanels & sutures, cranial nerve examination, muscle tone & reflexes, developmental reflexes
Each of these assessments provides information about potential neurological conditions.
What are common signs of Neonatal Encephalopathy?
Altered mental status, poor feeding, hypotonia/hypertonia, seizures
These signs indicate possible neurological impairment.
What are the causes of Neonatal Encephalopathy?
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), infections, metabolic disorders
Understanding the causes is essential for management.
What is the management for Neonatal Encephalopathy?
Supportive care, therapeutic hypothermia
These treatments aim to protect brain function.
What are the risk factors for Intraventricular Hemorrhage (IVH)?
Prematurity, hypoxia, fluctuating BP
Identifying risk factors helps in prevention and early intervention.
What are the classifications of Intraventricular Hemorrhage?
Grades I-IV
Classification is based on the severity of the hemorrhage.
What symptoms indicate Intraventricular Hemorrhage (IVH)?
Lethargy, apnea, seizures, bulging fontanel
These symptoms necessitate immediate evaluation.
What are the causes of Neonatal Seizures?
Hypoxia, infections, metabolic disorders, structural brain anomalies
Identifying the cause is crucial for treatment.
What are the types of Neural Tube Defects?
Spina bifida (occulta, meningocele, myelomeningocele), anencephaly, encephalocele
Each type has different implications for management.
What is the primary cause of Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)?
Surfactant deficiency in preterm neonates
This condition is common in preterm births.
What symptoms characterize Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn (TTN)?
Mild respiratory distress, resolves within 48-72 hours
TTN is typically self-limiting.
What is the main treatment for Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS)?
Suctioning, surfactant, ventilation support
These interventions help clear the airway and support breathing.
What are the two types of Congenital Heart Defects (CHD)?
Cyanotic, Acyanotic
Examples include Tetralogy of Fallot (cyanotic) and VSD, ASD (acyanotic).
What are common pathogens associated with Early-onset sepsis (EOS)?
Group B Strep (GBS), E. coli, Listeria
Identifying these pathogens is critical for effective treatment.
What signs indicate possible sepsis in a neonate?
Temperature instability, poor feeding, lethargy, respiratory distress
Early recognition is essential for management.
What are common medications used in neonatal care?
Surfactant, caffeine citrate, indomethacin/ibuprofen, antibiotics
These medications address various neonatal conditions.
What is a non-pharmacologic method for pain management in neonates?
Kangaroo care, sucrose, swaddling
These methods can help soothe neonates without medication.
What factors are monitored for neonatal growth?
Weight, length, head circumference
Regular monitoring ensures healthy growth patterns.
What is a key consideration in end-of-life and palliative care for neonates?
Comfort measures, parental involvement in decision-making
These considerations are crucial for family-centered care.
What is essential for neonatal transport considerations?
Stabilization before transport, equipment and team requirements
Proper preparation is vital for safe transport.
