Skin Assessment Flashcards
What are the three layers of neonatal skin?
Epidermis, Dermis, Subcutaneous Tissue
The epidermis is thinner than in adults, the dermis contains glands and nerves, and the subcutaneous tissue provides insulation and protection.
What is vernix caseosa?
A protective, greasy substance covering fetal skin, decreasing near 40 weeks
Vernix caseosa serves as a barrier and is important for skin protection during gestation.
What is lanugo?
Fine, downy hair appearing at 20 weeks gestation, usually shed by term
Lanugo helps regulate temperature but is typically lost before birth.
What factors influence skin appearance during examination?
Lighting & Environment, Maternal & Family History, Delivery History
These factors can provide vital information for assessing skin conditions.
What are the assessment techniques for skin examination?
General Inspection, Palpation, Lesion Description, Hydration & Nutrition
Each technique provides different insights into the skin’s condition.
What is acrocyanosis?
Bluish hands/feet, benign in the first 48 hours
Acrocyanosis is common and typically resolves without intervention.
What does plethora indicate in newborns?
Ruddy/red complexion, may indicate polycythemia
Plethora can be a sign of increased red blood cell concentration in the infant.
What is jaundice in neonates?
Yellowing of the skin, caused by hyperbilirubinemia
Jaundice is common in newborns and typically resolves with treatment.
What is erythema toxicum?
A common, self-limited rash with white/yellow papules
This rash appears within the first few days of life and usually resolves on its own.
What are Mongolian spots?
Blue-gray macules on the back and buttocks, common in African, Asian, and Hispanic infants
These spots are benign and usually fade over time.
What is a nevus simplex?
Pink macule on the neck, eyelids, or forehead; fades within 2 years
Also known as a ‘angel’s kiss’ or ‘stork bite,’ these marks are common and typically harmless.
What skin lesion can result from vacuum-assisted delivery?
Scalp lesions
These lesions can occur due to pressure applied during delivery.
What is Candida in the context of neonatal skin lesions?
White patches in the mouth or red, pustular diaper rash
Candida can cause significant discomfort and may require antifungal treatment.
What does aplasia cutis congenita refer to?
Skin absence, typically on the scalp
This condition is associated with several genetic syndromes, like T13.
What are absent or atrophic nails linked to?
Trisomy syndromes
Nail abnormalities can be indicative of underlying genetic conditions.
