CBC Flashcards
What are the components of the CBC?
Red blood cell count, MCV, RCV, Hemoglobin, Hematocrit, Platelets, Reticulocytes, White blood cell count, White blood cell differential
What is the normal range for Hemoglobin in preterm infants?
14-16 gm/dl
What is the normal range for Hemoglobin in term infants?
16-18 gm/dl
What is Hematocrit?
Percentage of red blood cells in a unit volume of blood
What are the normal Hematocrit values for preterm infants?
45% - 50%
What are the normal Hematocrit values for term infants?
50% - 60%
What does a Reticulocyte Count measure?
Immature red blood cells (erythrocytes)
What are the normal Reticulocyte Count values for preterm infants?
3% - 10%
What are the normal Reticulocyte Count values for term infants by day 3?
1% - 3%
What is the significance of Nucleated RBCs (NRBCs)?
Circulating immature red cells, increased in preterm infants and cases of hemolysis, anemia, hypoxemia, and infection
What is considered anemia in neonates?
Hgb < 13 gm/dl or Hct < 40%
What are the causes of anemia in neonates?
- Acute or chronic blood loss
- Hemolysis
- Anemia of prematurity
What is polycythemia in neonates?
Venous Hgb > 22 gm/dl or venous Hct > 65%
What is the normal platelet count range?
150 – 400 mm3
What is Thrombocytopenia?
< 120,000 mm3
What are some causes of Thrombocytopenia?
- Consumption- infection, DIC
- Suppressed production- viral infection, aspyxia
- Destruction- autoimmune, isoimmune
What is the normal white blood cell count range for term infants?
10,000 – 26,000
What are the five types of leukocytes?
- Lymphocytes
- Monocytes
- Basophils
- Eosinophils
- Neutrophils
What is the function of neutrophils?
Phagocytic cells that are the first to reach the site of infection
What does a left shift indicate in neutrophil counts?
An increase in immature neutrophils
What does the Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) measure?
The percent of neutrophils in the total number of WBCs
What is the normal ANC range?
2,500 – 13,000
What are acute phase reactants (APRs)?
Proteins produced by hepatocytes in response to inflammation
What is C-Reactive Protein (CRP)?
A protein that rises in response to inflammation
What is the role of CRP in the immune response?
Binds to phosphocholine on microbes and enhances phagocytosis by macrophages
What does the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) measure?
The balance between pro-sedimentation factors and those resisting sedimentation
What is the role of cytokines in inflammation?
Endogenous mediators of the immune response
What is the function of PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)?
Amplifies copies of DNA strand for isolation of DNA fragments
What is the significance of the Immature to Total (I:T) neutrophil ratio?
Indicates the depletion of the neutrophil storage pool
True or False: Hemolysis is easy to differentiate between normal losses in neonates.
False
What is the clinical presentation of anemia?
Pallor
Shallow, rapid, irregular respirations
Tachycardia
Weak, absent pulses
Hypotension (significant anemia)
Treatment for anemia
**Depends on hct and cause of anemia
Transfuse with whole blood or PRBCs
Epogen
What does the body do in response to a low HCT?
releases erythropoietin to stimulate reticulocyte production
What are causes of polycythemia?
Hypoxia
Maternal diabetes
Placenta/cord hypertransfusion
What is the normal white blood cell count range for preterm infants?
6,000 – 19,000
What could cause an increase in eosinophils?
allergies (think milk protein allergy)
What are in each CSF tube from an LP?
Tube 1: Gram stain and Culture
Tube 2: Protein (32 - 240),
Glucose (32 – 78)
Tube 3: Cell count
Tube 4: PCR
