CBC Flashcards by Sarah Gadzuk

What are the components of the CBC?

Red blood cell count, MCV, RCV, Hemoglobin, Hematocrit, Platelets, Reticulocytes, White blood cell count, White blood cell differential

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What is the normal range for Hemoglobin in preterm infants?

14-16 gm/dl

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What is the normal range for Hemoglobin in term infants?

16-18 gm/dl

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What is Hematocrit?

Percentage of red blood cells in a unit volume of blood

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What are the normal Hematocrit values for preterm infants?

45% - 50%

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What are the normal Hematocrit values for term infants?

50% - 60%

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What does a Reticulocyte Count measure?

Immature red blood cells (erythrocytes)

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What are the normal Reticulocyte Count values for preterm infants?

3% - 10%

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What are the normal Reticulocyte Count values for term infants by day 3?

1% - 3%

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What is the significance of Nucleated RBCs (NRBCs)?

Circulating immature red cells, increased in preterm infants and cases of hemolysis, anemia, hypoxemia, and infection

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What is considered anemia in neonates?

Hgb < 13 gm/dl or Hct < 40%

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What are the causes of anemia in neonates?

Acute or chronic blood loss
Hemolysis
Anemia of prematurity

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What is polycythemia in neonates?

Venous Hgb > 22 gm/dl or venous Hct > 65%

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What is the normal platelet count range?

150 – 400 mm3

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What is Thrombocytopenia?

< 120,000 mm3

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What are some causes of Thrombocytopenia?

Consumption- infection, DIC
Suppressed production- viral infection, aspyxia
Destruction- autoimmune, isoimmune

What is the normal white blood cell count range for term infants?

10,000 – 26,000

What are the five types of leukocytes?

Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Basophils
Eosinophils
Neutrophils

What is the function of neutrophils?

Phagocytic cells that are the first to reach the site of infection

What does a left shift indicate in neutrophil counts?

An increase in immature neutrophils

What does the Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) measure?

The percent of neutrophils in the total number of WBCs

What is the normal ANC range?

2,500 – 13,000

What are acute phase reactants (APRs)?

Proteins produced by hepatocytes in response to inflammation

What is C-Reactive Protein (CRP)?

A protein that rises in response to inflammation

What is the role of CRP in the immune response?

Binds to phosphocholine on microbes and enhances phagocytosis by macrophages

What does the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) measure?

The balance between pro-sedimentation factors and those resisting sedimentation

What is the role of cytokines in inflammation?

Endogenous mediators of the immune response

What is the function of PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)?

Amplifies copies of DNA strand for isolation of DNA fragments

What is the significance of the Immature to Total (I:T) neutrophil ratio?

Indicates the depletion of the neutrophil storage pool

True or False: Hemolysis is easy to differentiate between normal losses in neonates.

False

What is the clinical presentation of anemia?

Pallor Shallow, rapid, irregular respirations Tachycardia Weak, absent pulses Hypotension (significant anemia)

Treatment for anemia

**Depends on hct and cause of anemia Transfuse with whole blood or PRBCs Epogen

What does the body do in response to a low HCT?

releases erythropoietin to stimulate reticulocyte production

What are causes of polycythemia?

Hypoxia Maternal diabetes Placenta/cord hypertransfusion

What is the normal white blood cell count range for preterm infants?

6,000 – 19,000

What could cause an increase in eosinophils?

allergies (think milk protein allergy)

What are in each CSF tube from an LP?

Tube 1: Gram stain and Culture Tube 2: Protein (32 - 240), Glucose (32 – 78) Tube 3: Cell count Tube 4: PCR