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PATH100 > TT7 Review > Flashcards

TT7 Review Flashcards

1
Q 
Mix & match 
Leukocytes - red blood cells/oxygen 
Erythrocytes- platelets 
Thrombocytes- cartilage cells 
Chondrocytes- white blood cells
A

Leukocytes- white blood cells
Erythrocytes- red blood cells/oxygenation
Thrombocytes- platelets
Chondrocytes- cartilage cells

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2
Q

James had remained reclined for the entirety of his massage treatment. When getting up and of the table James starts to experience some dizziness and lightheadness, this is caused by momentary drop in blood pressure. This change is adjusted by which part of his brain?

A

Medulla oblongata

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3
Q

What motor branch of the NS does this regulation of blood pressure belong to?

A

Autonomic NS

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4
Q 
Functions of the blood label as either protective, regulatory or distributive?
Oxygenation of tissues
Body temp control 
Nutrients/ hormone transport 
Control of PH 
Removing waste 
Responding to & destroying pathogens
A
  • distributive
  • regulatory
  • distributive
  • regulatory
  • distributive
  • protective
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5
Q

Over time Gerry has developed chronic high blood pressure. Gerry’s doctor has linked this problem to the poor state of Gerry’s arteries! What kind of hypertension does Gerry suffer from?

A

Secondary hypertension

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6
Q

Describe primary hypertension

A

Idiopathic aka essential

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7
Q

Carlys blood vessels decided to go on a vacation and spontaneously all vasodilator at the same time. What type of pathology will Carly develop as an intermediate result of this decision?

A

Distributive shock

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8
Q

Bob loves living in the mountains his whole life. Oops bob has chronic hypoxia. When the doctor checks bobs blood cell levels they notice way to many cells present in his blood, what is the name of this condition

A

Polycytemia

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9
Q

What other circumstances lad to chronic hypoxia?

A
  • cig smoking
  • lung disease
  • heart disease
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10
Q

List the types of distributive shock

A
  • septic shock
  • anaphylactic shock
  • neurogenic
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11
Q

Describe type of distributive shock

A

Septic- bacterial toxins in blood stream causing shock
Anaphylactic- hypersensitivity reaction
Neurogenic- brain injury causing problems with Vasomotor tone

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12
Q 
Mix and match 
Baroreceptor- temperature 
Chemoreceptors- vibration 
Thermoreceptors- pressure 
Mechanoreceptors- chemicals
A

Pressure
Chemicals
Temperature
Vibration

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13
Q 
Mix and match 
Aortic valve/SL valve- right a/v valve 
Mitral valve- left ventricle 
Pulmonary valve/ SL valve- left a/v valve 
Tricuspid valve- right ventricle
A

Left ventricle
Left a/v valve
Right ventricle
Right a/v valve

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14
Q

Describe emboli & thrombi

A

Emboli- mobile blood clot/ obstruction (can be yellow bone marrow/fat, air or a blood clot)

Thrombi- stationary blood clot

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15
Q

Circulatory shock is caused by obstruction. List common areas where this obstruction could occur?

A
  • vena cavea
  • lungs
  • heart
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16
Q

Which protein is important in maintaining osmotic pressure in the blood stream

A

Albumin

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17
Q

Where in the brain are the centres for breathing located?

A

Medulla oblogonta

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18
Q

What is the general function of veins/ arteries and their common pathologies respectively

A

Arteries:
Fxn: o2 distribution & remove waste
Path: atherosclerosis & arteriosclerosis

Veins:
Fxn: blood reservoir
Path: emboli/ thrombi & varicostites

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19
Q

It’s fxns of B lymphocytes

A
  • involved in immediate hypersensitivity responses
  • involved in Humoral immunity & immune responses
  • target bacteria antigens
  • part of the adaptive immune system/ 3rd line of defence
  • create specific antibodies for the blood plasma in response to antigens that’s rent membrane bound (not attached to pathogenic cells)
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20
Q

List the 3 phases of hemostasis and describe them

A

Vasoplasm: vasoconstriction of affected bloood vessels

Platelet plug formation: thrombocytes aggregate at injury site until injury is sealed

Coagulation: fibrin clot/ mesh formation

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21
Q 
Mix and match 
Dyspnea- foreign substance causes immune response 
Dysphagia- 3rd line of defence
Antibody/lg- SOB 
Antigen- difficulty swallowing
A

Dyspnea- SOB
Dysphagia- difficulty swallowing
Antibody/lg- 3rd line of defence
Antigen- foreign substance causes immune response

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22
Q

What blood pressure reading is required to be considered hypertensive?

A

> 140/90 or greater

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23
Q

Define orthostatic hypotension

A

Low blood pressure that is the result of sudden body positional changes

24
Q

Name the associated anemias

A
  • iron- microcytic
  • vit.b12- macrocytic
  • abn hemoglobin- sickle cell Ed
  • blood loos- hemorrhage
  • hemotoxins- hemolytic
  • bone marrow- aplastic
25
Q

Low levels of circulating rbc’s does this constitute anemia yay or nay

A

Yay

26
Q

Name an adaptation that allow capillaries to adjust BF

A

Precapillary

Sphincters

27
Q

Which congenital disorder consists of 4 separate heart defects

A

Tetralogy of fallot

28
Q

List congenital heart defect

A
  • patent ductus arteriosus
  • coarctation of the aorta
  • tetralogy of fallot
29
Q

Tunica media veins is thicker than that of arteries true or false

A

False

30
Q

What does the Tuncia media contain

A

Smooth mm cells

31
Q

Smooth mm cells describe the other 3 tunica

A

Tunica intima: endothelial layer only aka endothelialium

Tunica adventitia: outer layer of CT & having its own blood supply vasocasorum

32
Q

Name the stage of cardiac mm action potential that only occurs with these type of cells

A

Plateau

33
Q

What ion is associated with plateau

A

Calcium

34
Q

List physiological processes in which calcium is required

A
  • blood clotting
  • neurotansmission
  • mm contraction
  • mineralization of bones
35
Q

Define diastole & systole

A

Diastole: heart mm relaxed
Systole: heart mm contracted

36
Q

The heart is Sadi to be autorhythmic in that it can generate its own rhythm. This generation of rhythm is known as the intrinsic mechanism. Can the nervous system affect this rhythm (what branch and how)

A

Yes- autonomic NS can- extrinsic mechanism

Parasymphatic- decrease HR & CO

Sympathetic- increase HR & CO & contractility

37
Q

What is the main fxn of valves in the cardiovascular system

A

Prevent back flow

38
Q

Name the largest distributive/ conducting artery supplying the body

A

Aorta

39
Q 
Mix and match 
Leukocytes- erythrocytes 
Thrombocytopenia- epidermis 
Distribution- phagocytes 
2nd line of defence- thrombocytes 
1st line of defence- leukocytes
A 
Leukocytes- leukocytes 
Thrombocytopenia- thrombocytes 
Distribution- erythrocytes 
2nd lien of defence- phagocytes 
1st line of defence- epidermis
40
Q 
Mix and match 
Vasodilation- av valves close 
Lub- deoxygenated blood from body to heart 
Vasoconstriction- oxygenated blood 
Venae cavae- SL valves close 
Dub- increase in BF 
Pulmonary veins- decrease in BF
A 
Vasodilation- increase in BF 
Lub- av valves close 
Vasoconstriction- decrease in BF 
Venae cavae- deoxygenated blood from body to heart 
Dub- SL valves close 
Pulmonary veins- oxygenated blood
41
Q

Define erythropoiesis

A

Creation of RBC’s from hemcytoblasts

42
Q

Describe the pulmonary circulation

A

Pulmonary arteries/ trunk caries deoxygenated blood > lung capillaries for oxygenation/ gas exchange > pulmonary vein cries oxygenated blood back to the L atria

43
Q

Compare and contrast hemophilia & anemia

A

Hemophilia: inadequate blood clotting proteins in blood

Anemia: blood has unusually low oxygen carrying capacity often due to malformed hemoglobin or low levels of rbc’s- this is a symptom of homeostatic imbalance

44
Q 
Mix and match 
Tachycardia- difficulty breathing 
Bradycardia- blood clotting 
Dyspnea- slow heart rate 
Hemostasis- fast heart rate
A

Tachycardia- fast heart rate
Bradycardia- slow heart rate
Dyspnea- difficulty breathing
Hemostasis- blood clotting

45
Q

Out body recycles all of hemoglobin molecules true or false

A

False

46
Q

What part of hemoglobin is a waste product

A

Bilirubin

47
Q

Where RBCs go to die

A

Spleen

48
Q

Jimmy got exposed to a pathogen, luckily jimmys immune system was in top shape when this happened and he did not get sick. What kind of immunity did jimmy acquire through this interspecies interaction

A

Active- naturally acquired

49
Q

Provide an example of artificially acquired active immunity

A

Vaccination

50
Q

Provide examples of naturally & artificially acquired passive immunity

A

Na+: antibodies from the placenta/ uterus, antibodies in breast milk

Art: immune serums

51
Q 
Mix and match 
IgE- breast milk 
IgG- allergies 
IgA- HUGE 
IgM- crosses placenta
A

igE- allergies
IgG- crosses placenta
IgA- breast milk
IgM- HUGE

52
Q

B lymphocytes mainly target

A

Bacteria

53
Q

What do T lymphocytes mainly target? Membrane bound antigens

A

Viral infected cells or cancer cells, they are involved in cellular immunity

54
Q

List the three types of capillaries from least to most permeable

A
  • continuous
  • Fenestrated
  • sinsoidal
55
Q

List the characteristics of erythrocytes

A
  • Amitotic
  • very few mitochondria/ no organelles- anaerobic glycolysis
  • lots of hemoglobin
  • biconcave shape
56
Q

List autoimmune disorder

A
  • multiple sclerosis
  • systemic lupus erythematousus
  • rheumatoid arthritis

PATH100 (15 decks)

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