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PATH100 > LP #109 Vascular Disorders > Flashcards

LP #109 Vascular Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

CV disorders divided into?

A
  • disorders that affect mainly the heart (cardio)

- disorders that affect mainly bv’s (vascular)

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2
Q
  • affect heart & CO
  • BF (tissue perfusion) depends on health of bv’s & adequate BP
  • alterations in BF affect large & peripheral bv’s (arterial flow & venous return)
A

Cardiac disorders

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3
Q

Types of cardiac disorder

A
  • valve dysfxn
  • arrhythmia & conduction blocks
  • congenital defects
  • myocardial dysfxn:
  • occlusive (obstructive) disorder, ex. Atherosclerosis
  • congestive disorders, ex. Pericarditis
  • infections, ex. Picard it is, endocarditis
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4
Q

Vascular disorders means

A

Vascular dysfxn affecting bv’s & BF

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5
Q

Types of vascular disorders

A
  • changes in bv walls, ex. Arteriosclerosis, & vasculitis
  • bv obstruction, ex. D/t thrombi, emboli, vasospasm
  • ABN bv dilation, ex. Aneurysms, varicose vv
  • compression, ex. Tumours, edema, decubitus ulcers
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6
Q

Affect circulation by damaging bv’s & cause inflammation or vasospasm

A

Arterial disorders

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7
Q

Examples of arterial disorders include

A
  • atherosclerosis (structural)
  • vasculitis/arteritis (inflammatory)
  • raynaud’s disease (vasospasm)
  • buerger’s disease(inflammatory)
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8
Q

Bv obstruction impairs BF by ?

A

Narrowing the lumen of bv’s

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9
Q

Causes of bv obstruction

A
  • compression
  • vasospasm
  • thrombus formation
  • embolus
  • atherosclerotic plaque
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10
Q

-external sources,ex. Casts
-internal sources, ex. Tumours
?

A

Compression

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11
Q

Contraction of bv’s tunica media results in vasoconstriction?

A

Vasospasm

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12
Q
  • blood clot attached to bv wall (w/in lumen)

- more common in vv

A

Thrombus formation

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13
Q

-dislodged thrombi or other foreign substances (ex. Air or fat)

A

Emboli

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14
Q
  • originates in deep vv of legs
  • travel to R heart
  • lodge in pulmonary vv
A

Venous emboli

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15
Q
  • originate in heart

- may travel to brain, kidneys or lower extremities

A

Arterial emobli

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16
Q
  • aka arterial plaque, plaque or atheroma
  • characterized by scar tissue & fatty deposits on intima of bv walls
  • often leads to atherosclerosis
A

Atherosclerotic plaque

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17
Q
  • role in plaque formation

- can occlude bv’s & cause hardening of aa

A

Blood lipids

18
Q
  • lipids wrapped in proteins
  • transported in blood to various tissues (ex. Liver, skeletal m & adipose tissue)
  • 2 of 4 types are: LDL & HDL
A

Lipoproteins

19
Q
  • bad cholesterol
  • carriers of cholesterol
  • tend to deposit excessive lipids on arterial walls
A

LDL ( low density lipoproteins)

20
Q
  • good cholesterol

- remove & dispose cholesterol from blood

A

HDL (high density lipoproteins)

21
Q
  • N bv’s are relatively clear of plaques & blood lows freely
  • elevated (hyperlipidemia): increase LDL & trigycerides; plaques tend to form at increase rate
A

LDL/HDL ratios

22
Q

2 terms describe hardening of aa

A

Arteriosclerosis

Atherosclerosis

23
Q

General term describing the hardening (sclerosis) of aa

A

Arteriosclerosis

24
Q

Form of arteriosclerosis specifically d/t plaque

A

Atherosclerosis

25
Q

Atherosclerosis insidious onset:

A
  • accumulation of lipids (fatty streaks) on arterial walls

- fibrous atherosclerosis plaques begin to form

26
Q

Atherosclerosis commonly affected

A
  • aorta
  • coronary aa
  • large aa supplying brain
27
Q

Atherosclerosis risk factors include

A
  • increase BP
  • environmental
  • lifestyle
28
Q
  • buildup of various substances released by platelets & blood plasma lipids
  • stimulate smooth m proliferation
A

Smooth m proliferation

29
Q
  • collagen, lipids, smooth m & cellular debris accumulate- form plaque on bv wall
  • repeated injury causes decrease elasticity of arterial bv, adds to original plaque
  • slowly occludes bv lumen
A

Atherosclerotic plaque formation

30
Q

-largest research suggests inflammation plays role in formation & dislodging of plaques

A

Inflammation

31
Q

Major contributor to heart disease & strokes

A

Atherosclerosis

32
Q

Venous disorders related to & include

A

Related to:

  • venous stasis
  • increase P in venous bv’s

Includes:

  • varicose veins
  • venous thromboses (thrombophlebitis)
33
Q
  • dilated veins (lower extremities)
  • more common in elderly -females > males
  • prolonged dilation of bv walls d/t increase P
A

Varicose veins

34
Q

Factors increase P include:

A
  • prolonged standing

- incompetent (regurgitant) valves

35
Q

S/S of varicose veins

A
  • venous insufficiency
  • progressive limb heaviness
  • achiness & congestion in legs
  • edema in legs (lower legs & ankles)
  • impaired tissue nutrition
36
Q
  • thrombus lodged in v & accompanying inflammation
  • develop in deep or superficial vv
  • more common in lower limbs
  • DVT tend to dislodge & travel in blood as emboli
  • can lodge in heart, lungs or brain
  • lead to MI, pulmonary failure or CVA
A

Venous thromboses (thrombophlebitis)

37
Q

Venous thromboses (thrombophlebitis) S/S

A
  • pn, swelling & m tenderness at thrombus site
  • arterial pulses- weak or absent
  • affected limb may appear pale
  • fever & general malaise
  • increase WBC count
38
Q

Venous thromboses (thrombophlebitis) risk factors

A
  • conditions that promote blood stasis
  • conditions that are susceptible to blood clots
  • injury to bv walls
39
Q
  • minimally invasive endovascular surgery

- removes atherosclerosis from blood vessels

A

Atherectomy

40
Q

Endovascular procedure to widen narrowed/ obstructed vessels, typically to treat arterial atherosclerosis

A

Angioplasty

PATH100 (15 decks)

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