LP #100 Immune Response & Terminology Ass. With Immunity Flashcards
- Elicit an immune response
- Normally foreign to body
- free or bound
Antigens (Ag)
- A.k.a immunoglobulins (Ig)
- All share similar Y-structures:
- It’s prongs are unique, where Ag binds
- Main stem: common to most Ig
Antibodies (Ab)
- Ag + Ab =__________
- large & insoluble
- removed from circulation to tissue
Ag-Ab Aggregate
- substances in body that elicit an abnormal response
* autoimmune disease
Antigenic
- Humoral immunity is mediated by circulating AB’s produced by B-cells
- Destroy bacteria
- Neutralize bacterial toxins
- recognize free Ag (Ag in its natural state)
- Cause immediate allergic responses
- specificity d/t protein markers in plasma membrane
- Ability to destroy Ag d/t:
- recognition of specific Ag
- ability to produce specific Ab
B-Lymphocytes
- Found in body secretions; saliva, sweat, intestinal juice & breast milk
- Helps prevent attachment of pathogens to epithelial cell surfaces (including mucus membranes & the epidermis)
- Exists in limited amounts in plasma
Immunoglobulin A (IgA)
- Attached to the external surface of a B-lymphocytes (B-cells)
- Functions as the Ag receptors of B-cells
- Important in B-cell activation
Immunoglobulin D (IgD)
- Very large antibody
- Attached to the external surface of a B-lymphocyte (B-cell)
- Functions as the Ag receptors of B-cells
- first Ig class released by plasma cells in the primary response (immunity)
- Activates complement
Immunoglobulin M (IgM)
- Bound to mast cells & basophils-when triggered by an Ag, IgE causes these cells to release histamine & other mediators of inflammation
- Secreted by cell sin skin, Gi tract, respiratory tract & tonsils
- Active in allergies reactions
Immunoglobulin E (IgE)
- Peaks~10 days from initial exposure
* Produces relatively few Ab molecules
1* immune response
- Quickly multiplies
- Produces plasma cells & memory cells
- Peaks~ 2-3 days after exposure
- Produces more Ab’s
- Faster, stronger & longer than 1* response
2* immune response
- cellular immunity is mediated by ______
- effective against foreign cells
- produce & secrete cytokines
- recognize membrane-bound Ag
- long living: circulate in blood & lymph
T-Lymphocytes
T-cells main functions
- control coral infections
* allergies
2 main populations of t-cells are
- CD4 (helper t-cells)
* Cd8 (cycotoxic/killer t-cells)
- central role in adaptive immunity; master regulators for the immune system
- Helps activate B-cells & t-cells (induce proliferation)
- Release of their chemicals recruits other WBCs
- Activated helper t-cells can differentiate into distinct subpopulations of help t-cells
Helper T-cells
- attack & destroy other cells by:
- Releasing cyotlytic enzymes, toxic chemicals or pore-forming molecules
- Programmed cell death of the target cell by triggering membrane molecules & intracellular apoptosis
Cytotoxic (killer) T-cells
T-cell populations
- helper t-cells
- cytotoxic (killer) t-cells
- regulatory T-cells
- memory T-cells
*limit immune response?
regulatory T-cells
- similar to memory B-cells
- can quickly expand to large numbers of the other t-cell types upon re-exposure to the antigen
- Have a low threshold for activation
Memory T-cells
State in which body can defend itself against a specific Ag?
Acquired Humoral immunity
Acquired Humoral immunity types
- active: naturally or artificially acquired
* passive: naturally or artificially acquired
- based on ability of B-cells to produce specific Ab on 1st exposure to an Ag
- naturally acquired:
- infection
- contact w/ a pathogen
- artificially acquired:
- vaccination
Active immunity
- Ab introduced into body
- naturally acquired:
- AB’s passed from mother to fetus via placenta
- AB’s passed from mother to baby via breastfeeding
- artificially acquired:
- injection of immune serum (contain AB’s)
Passive immunity
- Group of WBC cancers
- Mutation of daughter cells from a WNC clone
- Suppress or impair bone marrow fxn (severe anemia)
Leukemia
Inability of immune system to effective protect body, resulting in lowered resistance to pathogens
Immunodeficiency
Hypersensitivity responses may be either?
- immediate (ex. Asthma)- may cause anaphylactic shock
* delayed (ex. Contact dermatitis)
*Occurs when immune system produces AB’s to attack its own body structures
Ex: Ms, Myasthenia gravis, SLE, RA
Autoimmune disease
