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PATH100 > LP #108 Physiological Basis, Signs & Symptoms Of Hypertension, Orthostatic Hypotension & Circulatory Shock > Flashcards

LP #108 Physiological Basis, Signs & Symptoms Of Hypertension, Orthostatic Hypotension & Circulatory Shock Flashcards

1
Q
  • chronic elevation of BP

- usually d/t increase PR

A

Hypertension

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2
Q

Hypertension categories

A 
1st
(Essential) 
-90-95% of all cases 
-chronic elevation of BP 
-idiopathic

2nd

  • 5-10% of all cases
  • d/t another condition, ex. Kidney dysfunction
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3
Q

Hypertension risk factors:

A
  1. Family history
  2. Age
  3. Race
  4. Insulin resistance/ metabolic abnormalities
  5. Obesity
  6. High salt intake
  7. Excessive alcohol consumption
  8. Dietary intake of potassium
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4
Q

Causes of hypertension

A
  • kidney disease
  • kidney deals w/fluid & electrolyte regulation
  • vascular disorders
  • increase PR or decrease bv diameter
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5
Q

1st Hypertension s/s

A
  • fatigue
  • nosebleeds
  • headaches
  • mild edema
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6
Q

2nd hypertension s/s

A
  • nosebleeds
  • severe headaches
  • vomiting
  • nausea
  • edema
  • visual disturbances

In severe causes: convulsions& coma

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7
Q
  • low P system

- BP normally at 28/8 mmHg

A

Pulmonary circulation

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8
Q
  • increase P pulmonary aa
  • may result in cor pulmonale: hypertrophy or R ventricle
  • usually 2nd to other conditions
  • common w/ advanced respiratory disorders
A

Pulmonary hypertension

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9
Q

Pulmonary hypertension causes:

A
  • increase L atrial P- transmitted back to pulmonary circulation
  • increase pulmonary BF
  • increase PR in pulmonary bv’s
  • hypoxia
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10
Q

1st pulmonary hypertension:

A
  • rare & lethal

- characterized by fibrosis of pulmonary aa & arterioles

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11
Q
  • heart failure d/t a 1st lung disease & pulmonary hypertension
  • hypertrophy of R ventricle d/t increase workload
  • pumps blood against increase P in pulmonary aa
A

Cor pulmonale

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12
Q
  • ABN decrease in BP when moving from lying down to standing:
  • surge of blood to lower extremities abuses decrease in overall BP
  • or ally, Baroreceptors & Vasomotor centre trigger vasoconstriction to increase BP
A

Orthostatic hypotension

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13
Q

Orthostatic hypotension causes:

A
  • crease in BVol
  • meds
  • age
  • prolonged bed rest
  • ANS dysfxn
  • idiopathic or assoc w/ neuro deficits
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14
Q

Orthostatic hypotension s/s

A
  • vertigo

- syncope

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15
Q
  • Shock: condition in which bv’s are inadequately filled & excessive decrease BF
  • Impaired BF: CV system responds to maintain BVol & BP
  • effectiveness depends on extent of BF impairment
A

Circulatory shock

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16
Q
  • heart fails to pump blood sufficiently to meet body’s demands
  • may occur as an end stage condition of coronary artery disease or cardiomyopathy
A

Cardiogenic shock

17
Q

Cardiogenic shock may occur suddenly from a number of causes:

A
  • myocardial infarction
  • myocardial contusion
  • sustained arrhythmias
  • cardiac surgery
18
Q
  • large scale loss of BVol (most common)
  • compensatory mechanisms:
  • increase HR & CO
  • increase respiratory rate
  • activation of kidney BP mechanisms
  • reflex vasoconstriction compensation
A

Hypovolemic shock

19
Q

Hypovolemic shock causes:

A
  • hemorrhage
  • diarrhea
  • excessive burns
  • excessive vomiting
20
Q

Hypovolemic shock s/s

A
  • thirst
  • decrease skin & body temp
  • weak pulse
  • tachycardia
  • decrease urine output
  • restless & apprehensive (early)
  • apathy & stupor (late)
21
Q
  • d/t obstruction in great vv, lungs o heart
  • excessive decrease BF to structures distal to obstruction
  • results in ischemia, hypoxia & cell death
A

Obstructive shock

22
Q
  • aka vascular shock
  • inadequate circulation & tissue perfusion d/t excessive vasodilation
  • leads to excessive decrease in PR & decrease BP
A

Distributive shock

23
Q

Type of distributive shock

A
  1. neurogenic shock
  2. anaphylactic shock (anaphylaxis)
  3. septic shock (septicemia)
24
Q
  • d/t loss of Vasomotor tone
  • causes include:
  • brain injury
  • hypoxia
  • decrease blood glucose
  • SCI
  • s/s:
  • decrease HR
  • skin is warm & dry
A

Neurogenic shock

25
Q
  • d/t presence of excessive amounts of vasodilators in blood
  • hypersensitivity immune rxn to allergens
  • s/s include:
  • abdominal cramps
  • apprehension
  • burning sensation
  • uticaria
  • pruritis
  • dyspnea
A

Anaphylactic shock (anaphylaxis)

26
Q
  • d/t presence of bacterial toxins that cause vasodilation
  • caused by severe bacterial infection
  • s/s include:
  • fever
  • warm, flushed skin
A

Septic shock (septicemia)

PATH100 (15 decks)

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