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MSK > TSPINE and RIBS Review > Flashcards

TSPINE and RIBS Review Flashcards

1
Q

The lateral costal facets of the thoracic vert articulate with what?

A

articulate with head of rib & tubercle

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2
Q

The thoracic vert has a “waisted cylinder” anterior predisposing these bodies to what?

A

predispose vert to compression fractures with axial loading

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3
Q

What is often seen at the transition zones with C and L spine?

A

area of breakdown with repetitive stress over time

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4
Q

The 4th thoracic vert is what shape?

A

Heart shaped

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5
Q

Thoracic vert are hollow in what areas that predisposed the bodies to compression fractures?

A

Anterior and lateral

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6
Q

With thoracic kyphosis, CoM moves in which directions increasing the magnitude of moment arm at mid-thoracic spine?

A

Anterior

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7
Q

Transverse costal facets are found on all thoracic vert except which ones?

A

All except lower 2-3

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8
Q

T/F Transverse processes will shorten as we move caudally.

A

True

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9
Q

The spinous process of thoracic vert project in which direction?

A

Project caudally

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10
Q

Describe the thickness of pedicles of thoracic vert as you move caudally:

A

Increase in thickness

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11
Q

Describe the inferior and superior notch of the pedicles of thoracic vert:

A

Deep inferior notch

shallow superior notch

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12
Q

The vert spinal foramen of the thoracic vert is what shape/size?

A

small and circular

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13
Q

The transverse process of thoracic vert is a level of spinous process of more (caudal/cranial) thoracic vert.

A

more cranial

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14
Q

Which ribs are considered true ribs?

A

1-7

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15
Q

Which ribs are false ribs?

A

8-12

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16
Q

Ribs 8-10 will joint the coast cartilage of more (inferior/superior) vert.

A

More superior segment

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17
Q

Which ribs are free floating?

A

11-12 (rib 10 35-70% of individuals)

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18
Q

What are the common abnormalities of the cervical rib?

A
  • Length varies
  • May be free-floating or join with 1st rib, costal cartilage, or sternum
  • Commonly unilateral
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19
Q

The anatomic abnormalities of the cervical rib can cause what issues?

A

Compression of neurovascular structures between cervical rib and anterior scalene

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20
Q

The sternum consists of what 3 parts?

A

Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid process

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21
Q

The sternum slopes in what direction?

A

Down and slightly forward

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22
Q

How many articulations of a normal thoracic vert? (name them)

A

(2) intervertebral joints
(2) superior articular processes
(2) inferior articular processes
(2) transverse costal facet
(2) superior costal facet
(2) inferior costal facet

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23
Q

What facet variances of T1?

A
  • Has facets for articulation with whole facets of the first rib
  • an inferior facet for articulation with part of the 2nd rib
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24
Q

What variances of T9?

A

often fails to articulate with the 10th ribs- inferior costal facets are absent

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25
What variances of T10?
- superior costal facets only, as the only costal articulation is with the 10th ribs - Also may or may not have a facet for the tubercle of the 10th rib
26
What variances of T11?
- costal facet close to the upper border of the body and extend onto the pedicles - No articular facet on transverse processes
27
What variances of T12?
circular facet on body (articulates with head of rib 12)
28
Describe the superior articular processes of the T vert:
Oval Slightly convex Orientation: face posteriorly and slightly superiolaterally
29
Describe the inferiorr articular processes of the T vert:
Oval Flat/ slightly concave Orientation: face anterior and slightly inferiomedially
30
The zygapophysial joints of T vert are innervated by what?
Medial branch of dorsal rami
31
what are the referral patterns of c7/T1? (3 seperate)
Posterior delt medial wall scapula upper trap
32
what are the referral patterns of T1/2?
Continuous from angle of scapula to upper trap
33
what are the referral patterns of T2/3?
Lower half of medial border of scapula
34
what are the referral patterns of T11/12?
Paraspinal muscles T9-L1 | Iliac crest
35
Costal head with vert is what type of joint?
Synovial joint (roll and glide)
36
T/F Costal head articulates with the vertebral bodies as well as the disc.
True
37
Rib 2-9 will articulate with which T vert bodies?
Superior and inferior bodies
38
Which ribs have costotransverse ribs?
1-10 (sometimes not with ten)
39
Describe orientation of TP and rib within the costotransverse joint:
Concave TP | Convex Rib
40
The radiate ligament of the joints of costal heads includes how many bands? What are they and what do they insert on?
3 bands: - superior band and inferior band insert into adjacent vertebrae - intermediate band inserts into annulus fibrosus
41
What does the superior costotransverse ligament of the costotransverse joint attach to?
Inferior border of transverse process -> superior border of neck of underlying rib - Thick, strong, flat, quadrilateral
42
The costotransverse joint is innervated by what?
Lateral branch of dorsal rami
43
What posterior longitudinal ligament spans from where to where? Blends with what membrane near the cranium?
Blends with tectoral membrane | Spans from posterior body of C2 to sacrum
44
What anterior longitudinal ligament spans from where to where? Blends with what?
Span anterior spine | blending with anterior bodies and anulus/end-plates
45
The ligamenta flava attaches what?
Adjacent laminae
46
IV Discs of spine are thinnest in (upper/lower) T-Spine
Upper
47
Costal cartilage is what type of cartilage giving contributions to what?
Hyaline contributing the thoracic mobility and elasticity
48
Anterior ribs 1-7 joint what?
Sternum
49
Anterior ribs 8-10 join what?
with lower border of the more superior cartilage structure (10 can be a free floater)
50
Sternocostal joint of rib 1 is what type of joint?
Synarthrosis
51
Sternocostal joint of rib 2-7 is what type of joint?
synovial
52
Sternocostal joint of rib 8-10 is what type of joint?
interchondral joints
53
With thoracic extension, upper vert moves in what direction?
posteriorly
54
Thoracic extension is limited by what?
Impact of articular processes and SP | Anterior longitudinal ligament
55
What ligaments are slackened with thoracic extension?
Posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) / ligamentum flava/ interspinous ligament slackened
56
With thoracic flexion, superior facet moves in what direction?
superior and anterior
57
Thoracic flexion is checked by what?
- PLL - ligamenta flava - capsular ligaments - ligamentum nuchae
58
Lateral flexion of thoracic vert is checked by what?
by resistance from ribs and sternum
59
Rotation of thoracic vert is checked by what?
less limitation, checked by ribs
60
Axis of rotation in T vert is found where?
body
61
T/F Superior transverse facet aids in the rotation of T spine.
True
62
When T spine is positioned in flexion/neutral, what is the coupling motion of rotation and lateral flexion?
Coupled ipsilaterally
63
When T spine is positioned in extension, what is the coupling motion of rotation and lateral flexion?
contralaterally coupled
64
Respiration in the upper ribs (pump handle) causes movement in what directions?
coronal plane: A-P
65
Respiration in the lower ribs (bucket handles) causes movement in what directions?
sagittal plane: increase transverse diameter
66
How does normal expiration occur?
- passive due to recoil of thorax resulting from elasticity of osteochondral components and pulmonary structures - Internal intercostals
67
What are the accessory expiratory muscles?
- Abdominal Muscles: rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique depress the thoracic outlet - Iliocostalis thoracis - Longissimus - Serratus posterior inferior - Quadratus Lumborum
68
How does normal inspiration occur?
- Diaphragm - External intercostals - Levatores costarium
69
What are the accessory inspiratory muscles?
``` SCM Scalenes Pec major Pec minor Serratus anterior Latissimus dorsi Serratus posterior superior Iliocostalis cervicis ```
70
Contraction of diaphragm causes lowering of central tendon which has what effect. vertically? Transverse? A-P?
Vertical: lowering the central tendon Transverse: elevating the lower ribs/ limbs A-P: elevating the upper ribs with the help of the sternum
71
What muscles included in erector spinae group?
Spinalis thoracis Longissimus thoracis Iliocostalis thoracis
72
What muscles included in spinotransverse group?
Rotatores thoracis Multifidus Semispinalis Thoracis (C6-T4 SP to T6-T10 TP)
73
Dermatome around nipples? Around umbilical?
``` Nipples = T4 Umbilical = T10 ```
74
What degree of thoracic kyphosis is normal?
20-4-

MSK (18 decks)

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