Arm Review

Question 1

What is the normal carrying angle (cubitus valgus)?

Answer 1

10-15 degrees

Question 2

T/F Carrying angle is greater in females (average 13 degrees) than males (average 10 deg).

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What is the functional importance of a carrying angle?

Answer 3

• compensates for the change of orientation of the radius

- allows the axis of the hand to stay in the longitudinal plane

Question 4

T/F Humero-ulnar joint is a very stable joint.

Answer 4

True

Question 5

What motion do the Humero-ulnar joint and the humero-radial joint have?

Answer 5

Uni-axial motion

Question 6

Radial collateral ligament attached to what two areas?

Answer 6

lateral epicondyle and annular ligament

Question 7

Radial collateral ligament taut throughout what range of motion?

Answer 7

Flexion range

Question 8

Anterior band of ulnar collateral ligament taut throughout what range of motion?

Answer 8

Flexion

Question 9

Posterior band of ulnar collateral ligament taut throughout what range of motion?

Answer 9

Between 1/2 and full extension

Question 10

Resting position of humero-ulnar joint?

Answer 10

70 deg flex with 10 deg supination

Question 11

Resting position of humero-radial joint?

Answer 11

Full extension & supination

Question 12

T/F No vascular supply to proximal scaphoid

Answer 12

True

Question 13

What is the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC)

Answer 13

• Biconcave articular disc attaches along the rim of the ulnar notch of the radius, fans out, attaches horizontally into the depression of the ulnar head & styloid process
• Continuous with ulnar collateral ligament
• Anterior and posterior aspects are continuous with the radioulnar joint capsule ligaments

Question 14

What is the function of the TFCC?

Answer 14

• Primary stabilizer of the distal Radioulnar Joint

- Elastic cushion between ulnar head and triquetrum during wrist adduction- increases contact surface area

Question 15

What creates the carpal tunnel?

Answer 15

Flexor retinaculum

Question 16

What runs inside the carpal tunnel?

Answer 16

FDS, FDP, FPL, and median nerve

Question 17

Function of the Flexor retinaculum?

Answer 17

Prevents bowstringing during wrist flexion

Question 18

What carpals in lateral column of hand? Which digits?

Answer 18

Scaphoid, trapezium, 1st/2nd digits

Question 19

What carpals in Intermediate column of hand? Which digits?

Answer 19

Lunate, capitate, 3rd digit

Question 20

What carpals in Medial column of hand? Which digits?

Answer 20

Pisiform, triquetrum, hamate, 4th/5th digit

Question 21

Intermetacarpal joints are connected by what?

Answer 21

dorsal, palmar and interosseous ligaments

Question 22

___ metacarpal surface on a ____ proximal phalanx surface of MCP.

Answer 22

Convex

Concave

Question 23

____ proximal phalanx on a ____ distal phalanx

Answer 23

convex

concave

Question 24

What’s a palmar plate?

Answer 24

Fibrocartilage attachment off of the base of the anterior aspect of the proximal phalanx to the neck of the metacarpal (or distal phalanx to proximal phalanx)

Question 25

What are the functions of the palmar plates?

Answer 25

- Increases the area of the articular surface - Resist hyperextension with ligamentous attachment to proximal bony structure - Reinforce the joint capsule - Prevent impingement of flexor tendons during MCP flexion - Protects articular cartilage in extension with impact - Has healing capacity

Question 26

What travels through finger pulleys?

Answer 26

Flexors of fingers

Question 27

Along the phalangers, there are a series of arcuate and cruciate pulleys that function to do what?

Answer 27

stops bow stringing from occurring

Question 28

What do you find deep to cruciate ligament in the fingers?

Answer 28

Synovial tendon sheath

Question 29

Resting position of Radiocarpal/mid-carpal?

Answer 29

Slight palmar flexion/ slight ulnar deviation

Question 30

Resting position of proximal carpal row/distal carpal row?

Answer 30

Slight palmar flexion

Question 31

Resting position MCP and IPJ?

Answer 31

Slight flexion

Question 32

Brachialis action? Innervated by what nerve?

Answer 32

- Elbow flexor | - Musculocutaneous

Question 33

Brachioradialis action? Innervated by what nerve?

Answer 33

- elbow flexor, supinator in extreme pronation & pronator in extreme supination - Radial nerve

Question 34

What muscles is main flexor of elbow, but also supinator?

Answer 34

Biceps brachii | - Musculocutaneous

Question 35

What 2 accessory muscles for elbow flexion?

Answer 35

``` ECRL (radial nerve) Pronator Teres (median nerve) ```

Question 36

When do elbow flexors have peak mechanical advantage?

Answer 36

80-90

Question 37

When does brachioradialis have peak mechanical advantage?

Answer 37

100-110

Question 38

Triceps brachii origin and insertion? Innervated by?

Answer 38

- Posterior/lateral humerus and glenoid notch of scapula -> tendon insertion on olecranon process - Radial nerve

Question 39

Supinator action? INnervated by?

Answer 39

Unwinds the ulna | Radial nerve

Question 40

At what degree of elbow flexion does the biceps brachii have the max efficiency for forearm supination?

Answer 40

90 elbow flexion

Question 41

Pronator quadratus innervated by?

Answer 41

Anterior interosseous nerve

Question 42

Pronator teres action is especially weak when elbow is in what position? Innervated by?

Answer 42

- weak action (especially when elbow is flexed) | - median nerve

Question 43

When is flexion of the wrist by the brachioradialis most effective?

Answer 43

In mid-pronation

Question 44

What are the tendons that make up to anatomic snuff box?

Answer 44

Abductor Pollicis Longus/EPB | Extensor Pollicis Longus

Question 45

What are the contents of the anatomic snuff box?

Answer 45

Scaphoid and trapezium

Question 46

Normal ROM of wrist abd/adduction?

Answer 46

AROM: Abduction-Adduction 15deg-0deg-45deg

Question 47

ROM of abd/adduction of the wrist both decrease when wrist is in what position/s?

Answer 47

full flexion and extension secondary to tension in carpal ligaments

Question 48

What carpals are in the proximal row?

Answer 48

Pisiform, Triquetrum, Lunate, Scaphoid

Question 49

What carpals are in the distal row?

Answer 49

Hamate, Capitate, Trapezoid, Trapezium

Question 50

The transverse carpal lig (flexor retinaculum) travel from where to where?

Answer 50

the pisiform and hamate to the scaphoid and trapezium

Question 51

What are the 3 borders of guyon's canal?

Answer 51

- Lateral border of the pisiform - Transverse carpal ligament - Pisohamate ligament

Question 52

What are the contents of guyon's canal?

Answer 52

1. Ulnar Nerve- bifurcates late in the canal (superficial palmar cutaneous nerve) 2. Ulnar Artery