Tropical infections

Question 1

3 different types of infecting parasites?

Answer 1

I. Single cell parasites

II. Multicellular parasites

III. Ectoparasites

Question 2

example of single cell parasite?

Answer 2

• Protozoa eg malaria, giardia

Question 3

example of multi cell parasite?

Answer 3

Metazoa eg

helminths

Question 4

example of ectoparasites?

Answer 4

eg fleas and lice

Question 5

4 serotypes of malaria that affect humans?

Answer 5

Plasmodium vivax
Plasmodium falciparum
Plasmodium ovale
Plasmodium malariae

Question 6

incubation period of malaria?

Answer 6

7-30 days

Question 7

Overview of malaria sx?

Answer 7

Flu-like symptoms
Respiratory Symptoms
GI symptoms
CNS symptoms
Other Sx (eg shock, AKI)

Question 8

Ix for malaria?

Answer 8

• If you suspect Viral haemorrhagic fever (VHF), do a malaria film only
• Malaria antigen test
• FBC – decreased platelets

Question 9

Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers causative pathogens?

Answer 9

• Lassa
• Marburg
• Ebola
• CCHF

Question 10

Rfs for Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers

Answer 10

• Travel in the last 21 days
• Contact with human or
  animal with suspected VHF
  (body fluids/tissues)
• Ingestion of bush meat

Question 11

Malaria mx?

Answer 11

I. Antimalarials (eg quinine, doxycycline)
II. Supportive therapy
III. Avoid overhydration
IV. Consider exchange transfusion

Question 12

Leishmaniasis types?

Answer 12

I. Visceral leishmaniasis –
characterised by hepatosplenomegaly

II. Cutaneous leishmaniasis –
tropical sore

Question 13

Leishmaniasis

Transmission

Answer 13

Sandflies

Question 14

Leishmaniasis

diagnosis

Answer 14

biopsy

Question 15

Leishmaniasis

mx

Answer 15

pentamidine,

amphotericin

Question 16

Trypanosomiasis 2 types of presentations?

Answer 16

1. sleeping sickness

2. chagas disease

Question 17

Sleeping sickness sx?

Answer 17

encaphalopathy, stops functioning

Question 18

Region of sleeping sickness?

Answer 18

africa

Question 19

transmission of sleeping sickness?

Answer 19

Tsetse fly transmits from wild animals to man

Question 20

Chagas sx

Answer 20

megaoesophagus,
megacolon
cardiomyopathy

Question 21

Chagas transmission

Answer 21

rejuvid blood transmits to man

Question 22

Mx of chagas disease?

Answer 22

arsenicals

Question 23

Helminths transmission?

Answer 23

1. ingestion

2. inoculation (active penetration): Schistosomiasis

Question 24

what is Schistosomiasis

Answer 24

A trematode that infects man

Question 25

Schistosomiasis 3 serotypes infecting human?

Answer 25

S. haematobium (bladder)
S. mansonii (vessels around bowel)
S. japonicum (vessels around bowel)

Question 26

Sx of Schistosomiasis

Answer 26

1. swimmers itch
2. Katayama fever
3. haematuria
4. portal HTN

Question 27

Dx of Schistosomiasis

Answer 27

• Ova in urine, stool or biopsy

- Eosinophilia

Question 28

Mx of Schistosomiasis

Answer 28

Praziquantel

Question 29

Examples of Soil transmitted helminths

Answer 29

1) Ascaris lumbricoides
2) Strongyloides (GI, immunosuppressed can get infected with E. coli
3) Hookworm (anaemia)

Question 30

Examples of Faecal-oral transmission of helminths

Answer 30

1) Enterobius, vermicularis
2. Taenia sp. (tapeworm)
3. Hydatid disease (Ecchinococcus)

Question 31

Examples of Arthropod borne helminth

Answer 31

Filariasis