CVS infections Flashcards
Infective endocarditis def?
bacterial (or fungal) infection of heart valves or endocardium
Types of endocarditis?
- native valve IE
- Prosthetic valve IE
- IVDU-associated IE
- Nosocomial IE
Native IE RFs?
increased risk with
- congenital heart diseases,
- rheumatic fever,
- mitral valve prolapse,
- degenerative
Native IE common pathogens?
viridans streptococi (oral flora, α-haemolytic)
Prosthetic valve IE common pathogen?
coagulase negative staphylococi
IVDU-associated IE pathogen?
staphylococus aureus
Who gets Nosocomial IE?
- in elderly (>60)
- ass with iv lines
3 Atypical causes of IE?
- coxiella burnetti
- Bartonella spp
- typheryma whipplei
Q fever transmission ?
- from contact with animals
- requires blood on admission of 4 weeks post-admission
Q fever organism?
coxiella burnetti
Cat scratch disease organism?
Bartonella spp
Examples of non serological IE organisms? ( cant culture in blood)
Bartonella spp
typheryma whipplei
How to identify the non serological IE organisms?
requires 16s rRNA PCR on valve tissue to diagnose (sampled during surgery)
Q fever abx?
tetracycline + hydroxychlorquine (>1 yr)
Chlamydia abx?
tetracycline
Prevention of IE?
Abx no longer used as prophylaxis for IE
Hand signs of IE?
Osler’s node, Janeway lesion, splinter haemorrhages
Eye sign of IE?
Roths spot (flame shaped haemorrhage in opthalmoscopy)
