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MS3 - Microbiology > Enteric infections > Flashcards

Enteric infections Flashcards

1
Q

common serotypes of salmonella

A

S. enteritidis
S. typhimurium
S. virchow

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2
Q

source of salmonella infection

A

Contaminated poultry/ dairy products common source

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3
Q

which time of the year most common for salmonella

A

summer (warm season)

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4
Q

salmonella antigens

A

lipopolysaccharide O antigen, flagella is H antigen

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5
Q

what happens as a result of salmonella infection

A

Excessive fluid secretion from ileum/jejunum, If transported through cells, leads to systemic infection

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6
Q

which part of GI wall is affected by salmonella

A

Does not extend beyond basement membrane

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7
Q

salmonella incubation

A

12-72 hours

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8
Q

salmonella Sx

A
  • Malaise, fever
  • n/v/diarrhoea watery brown
  • Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers
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9
Q

how quickly salmonella resolves

A

several days (up to several weeks)

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10
Q

abx for In salmonella,

A

Ciprofloxacin first line (alternative is cefotaxime)

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11
Q

Shigellosis transmission

A

Person to person spread and via contaminated food and water

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12
Q

Shigellosis subtypes

A

S.sonnei,

Others: S.flexneri, S.boydii, S.dysenteriae

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13
Q

which part of GI wall affected in Shigellosis?

A

Invade gut by destroying submucosa, infecting enterocytes, spread from cell to cell

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14
Q

S.dysenteriae type 1 toxin?

A

produces exotoxin (shiga toxin)

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15
Q

incubation period for Shigellosis?

A

Incubation 1-7 days

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16
Q

Shigellosis sx

A
  • High fever
  • high WBC
  • fever resolves and diarrhoea and colic begin
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17
Q

Shigellosis mx

A
  • Symptomatic: antispasmodics, rehydrate

- ABx in severe cases, ciprofloxin (trimethoprim may be active, ceftriaxone also alternative)

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18
Q

flexneri and dysenteriae features?

A

More severe:

  • mucus and blood in stools, marked colic
  • Asymptomatic excretion for days-weeks
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19
Q

sonnei and boydii features?

A

mild, rarely colitis

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20
Q

Campylobacter transmission

A
  • undercooked poultry, bird pecked milk

- Large food/waterborne outbreaks can occur

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21
Q

Campylobacter subtypes

A

C. jejuni,
C.coli,
C.fetus,
C.lari

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22
Q

Incubation of Campylobacter

A

2-5 days

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23
Q

presentation of Campylobacter

A
  • 24hr prodrome, fever, headache
  • Watery diarrhoea, can be bloody, vomiting
    Pain significant, constant, not colicky
24
Q

Mx of Campylobacter

A

Mild cases self-limiting

Severe/ prolonged, use 3-4 day course oral erythromyci/ ciprofloxacin

25
3 types of Escherichia coli
- Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) | - Verocytotoxic (VTEC) or Enterohaemorrhagic (EHEC)
26
Escherichia coli incubation period
1-5 days
27
Escherichia coli sx
- Abrupt onset vomiting and diarrhoea - Later profuse watery diarrhoea - only Mild fever, little pain (Similar to viral gastroenteritis/salmonellosis)
28
Escherichia coli complication
Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome
29
Escherichia coli mx
- Many E.coli resistant to broad spectrum penicillins, - Ciprofloxacin 500mg BD, 3-5 days - Avoid antibiotics in HUS (antimotility drugs increase chance of HUS)
30
Enterotoxigenic E. coli toxins
produce 2 main types of toxin - Polypeptide, like cholera toxin - Stimulates hypersecretion
31
Verocytotoxic (VTEC) or Enterohaemorrhagic (EHEC) toxins?
- cytotoxin, kills cells | - and causes Haemorrhagic colitis and HUS (haemolytic uraemic syndrome)
32
ETEC transmission
- Reservoir-human GI tract
33
VTEC transmission
- Reservoir-GI tract of healthy cattle - Contaminated food/ animal carcasses (hamburgers), unpasteurised milk, farms, paddling pools, person to person rare e,g nurseries
34
Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome sx
- Rising urea and creatinine, - haemolytic anaemia and thrombocytopenia - Raised BP, - fitting
35
Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome mx
More than half need haemodialysis, almost all cases recover (most deaths in elderly, fatal <5%)
36
why common cause of hospital acquired diarrhoea
Some antibiotics disturb balance of microbial flora -> rapid multiplication -> toxin production -> mucosal injury and inflammation -> diarrhoea
37
sx c dif
Antibiotic-associated diarrhoea | Antibiotic-associated colitis
38
complications of c dif
Acute abdominal syndrome/toxic megacolon, colonic perforation, pseudomembranous colitis, recurrence (in 20%)
39
mx of c dif
- Stop or change antibiotics if possible - Fluid/electrolyte replacement - Avoid antiperistaltics - If above not possible or unsuccessful, treat with metronidazole (2nd line vancomycin)
40
Viral gastroeneteritis ix?
I. Stool electron microscopy, ‘catch all’ II. Stool enzyme immunoassays (e.g. rotavirus) III. Molecular diagnosis: Stool PCR
41
Pathogen of viral gastroenetitis
rotavirus
42
incubation of Viral Gastroenteritis
Incubation around 1 day
43
sx of Viral Gastroenteritis
- Abrupt onset D and V (D>V) | - Mild fever, short-lived
44
recovery of Viral Gastroenteritis
- Recovery in 48 hrs usual (D for up to a week)
45
prevention of Viral Gastroenteritis
- live attenuated vaccines (Rotarix and RotaTeq)
46
Norovirus incubation
Incubation 10-50 hrs
47
sx Norovirus Gastroenteritis
- Asymptomatic to explosive vomiting and diarrhoea | - Headache and abdominal cramps
48
Norovirus Gastroenteritis lasts for
Lasts 24-48 hrs
49
Norovirus Gastroenteritis transmission
Breathe in aerosolised vomit, faeces and swallow
50
Norovirus Gastroenteritis season
winter vomit
51
Enteric adenovirus incubation
up to 10 days
52
Enteric adenovirus sx
- watery diarrhoea, | - mild fever,
53
Enteric adenovirus lasts for?
- illness may last longer in general (3-11 days)
54
Astrovirus pts demographics
Infants and elderly exhibit significant illness
55
Astroviruses | co-infection with
rotavirus/ norovirus
56
Astroviruses | Season
winter

MS3 - Microbiology (11 decks)

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