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MS3 - Microbiology > Skin and soft tissue infections > Flashcards

Skin and soft tissue infections Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Erysipelas pathogens

A

Group A Streptococci or Streptococcus pyogenes

Superficial skin infection, doesnt involve subcut tissue

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2
Q

Erysipeloid pathogen

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

Mild cutaneous infection

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3
Q

Erysipeloid source

A

carried by pigs and fish (more in vets and farmers)

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4
Q

Erythrasma pathogen

A

Corynebacterium minutissimum

Brown scaly skin patches

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5
Q

Who gets erythrasma

A

rare, mainly in children

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6
Q

cellulitis pathogen

A

Varies:

eg S aureus or group A strep

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7
Q

Erysipelas affects which part of body?

A

80% of cases affect the lower extremities,

20% the face.

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8
Q

Rfs for skin infection

A 
lymphoedema, 
venous staisis, 
obesity, 
diabetes, 
EtOH.
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9
Q

Scarlet fever pathogen?

A

S. pyogenes

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10
Q

when does desquamation occur with scarlet fever?

A

occurs 2-5 days after the scarlatiniform rash.

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11
Q

Complications caused by scarlet fever

A
  1. scalded skin syndrome

2. toxic shock syndrome

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12
Q

Scalded skin syndrome presentation

A
  • looks like someone was dumped in a bath of scalding water (caused by toxins released by the bacteria)
  • skin easily comes off:
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13
Q

Risk with scalded skin syndrome

A

increased risk of infection, increased dehydration

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14
Q

Cellulites def

A

An acute spreading infection of the skin extending deeper than erysipelas and involves the subcutaneous tissues

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15
Q

Cellulites mx?

A
  • should include antibiotics active against the most common isolates.
    Eg. Flucloxacillin, Benzyl-penicillin.
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16
Q

Necrotising fascitiitis def

A

infection involving the subcutaneous soft tissues, particularly the superficial and often deep fascia.

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17
Q

2 types of Necrotising fascitiitis pathogens

A

Type I

  • polymicrobial,
  • deep infections, if on foot, more likely to be skin, if around abdomen, more likely to be abdomenal flora

Type II = Streptococcus pyogenes

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18
Q

RFs for type 1 Necrotising fascitiitis

A

EOH, elderly, male

19
Q

RFs for type 2 Necrotising fascitiitis

A

IVDU

20
Q

Initial sx of nec fascitiis

A
  • very tender in the early stages,
  • erythematous and swollen,
  • rapidly progressing to skin breakdown and bullae formation within 3-5 days.
21
Q

Late sx of nec fascitiis

A
  • Frank cutaneous gangrene,

- area becomes anaesthetic secondary to thrombosis of small blood vessels and destruction of superficial nerves.

22
Q

Mx of nec fasciitis

A

High dose benzyl-penicilin PLUS flucloxacillin PLUS metronidazole

(depends on the pathogen)

23
Q

GAS gangrene caused by

A

Usually the result of trauma, May also occur after bowel surgery

24
Q

GAS Gangrene pathogen?

A

Clostridium perfringens

(Contamination of wound with spores, they multiply producing gas),

25
Q

GAS Gangrene mx?

A
  • Until culture results, broad spectrum eg. Benzyl-penicillin + gentamicin + metronidazole
  • Surgery
  • Hyperbaric oxygen
26
Q

Anthrax cause

A

Bacillus anthracis

27
Q

Anthrax RFs?

A

Tanners,
wool workers,
vets,
farmers

28
Q

Mx of anthrax

A

penicillin

29
Q

Folliculitis

A
  • base of follicules

- outbreaks can occur particularly in poorly maintained hottubs, swimming pools etc

30
Q

Faruncles

A

multiple follicles

- larger infections at base of follicules

31
Q

Ecthyma

A
  • penetrate the epidermis often secondary to insect bites

- with time they become very necrotic in the centre leaving you with a scar

32
Q

Paronychia

A

nail bed infection

33
Q

Strep shape

A

long chains

34
Q

Staph shape

A

chains of grapes

35
Q

Beta haemolytic def and pathogens

A
  • breaks down blood, complete breaking

- mainly streptococci (A,C,G)

36
Q

Alpha haemolytic def

A
  • partial haemolysis (green colony, bilirubin leaking out)

- less destructive

37
Q

Coagulase -ve or +ve?

A
  • clots the blood when mixed with rabbit blood

- describes staphylococci

38
Q

Example of coagulase + pathogen?

A

staph aureus

39
Q

Impetigo pathogens?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

May also be Group A Beta haemolyitic streptococci

40
Q

Impetigo age?

A

children mostly

41
Q

Impetigo sign?

A
  • golden lesions on hands

- boulae (blisters)

42
Q

pasteurella multocida spread by

A

dog/animal bite

43
Q

pasteurella multocida causes?

A

cellulites

44
Q

Fournier’s Gangrene

A
  • infection of the genitalia - severe pain in the genitals
  • and progresses from erythema (redness) to necrosis

MS3 - Microbiology (11 decks)

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