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Question 1

What word is used to describe the differences between members of the same species???

Answer 1

Variation

Question 2

What word is used to describe a sudden change within a species?

Answer 2

Mutation

Question 3

What chemical is altered to cause a change within a species?

Answer 3

DNA

Question 4

Define sexual and asexual reproduction?

Answer 4

Asexual reproduction produces clones of the parent. whereas within sexual reproduction it consists of having a male and female of the species to reproduce with eachother. within sexual reproduction, there is variation.

Question 5

Explain how the body reduces its temperature when hot???

Answer 5

The sweat glands of the body produces a white substance - sweat. The sweat comes to the surface of the skin, this evaporates, thus, doing so evaporates with some of the bodys heat, causing it to cool down.

Question 6

What gender would form if the sperm was an X chromosone?

Answer 6

a girl.

Question 7

What gender would form if the sperm was a Y chromosone?

Answer 7

a boy.

Question 8

how many chromosones does the sperm cell and the egg cell have??

Answer 8

they both have 23. together, the first cell of the baby will have 46 chromosones.

Question 9

Define Homozygous/Homogote?

Answer 9

A Homozygote contains two identical alleles for the gene concerned.

Question 10

Define an allele?

Answer 10

A variety of a gene

Question 11

What is a Genotype?

Answer 11

The genetic makeup of an individual (e.g: BB, Bb, bb)

Question 12

What is a phenotype?

Answer 12

The description of the way the genotype is manifested (e.g: Blue eyes, Red hair, Purple flowers)

Question 13

Define how a dominant allele will manifest itself?

Answer 13

The allele that shows in the phenotype whenever it is present.

Question 14

Define Heterozygous/Heterozygote

Answer 14

a heterozygote contains two different alleles for the gene concerned.

Question 15

What did Charles Darwin analyse?

Answer 15

Darwin popularized the idea of natural selection. He travelled to the Galapagos islands and found that on each different island there were different types of finch birds. He studied the environment that these birds inhabited and theorized that they must have evolved differently to suit their environments, he suggested that humans and chimps(hominids) must have diverged into two different species, he claims this in “On the Origin of Species”

Question 16

State 3 ways in which Carbon Dioxide is put back into the atmosphere?

Answer 16

Combustion (from the manufacturing of coal and oil), Respiration (via plants and animals), Soil Bacteria (they get their Carbon Dioxide from animal and plant decay)

Question 17

What turns nitrites into nitrates?

Answer 17

Nitrifying bacteria

Question 18

What turns ammonia into nitrites?

Answer 18

Bacteria

Question 19

What turns dead plants and animals, as well as faeces and urine into ammonia?

Answer 19

decomposition by bacteria and fungi, this process is called urease.

Question 20

Where can protein be found in? Give an example of what it’s needed for?

Answer 20

Protein can be found in fish, eggs, milk, meat and nuts. It is needed for growth and repair of damaged tissue.

Question 21

Where can Carbohydrates be found? Give its purpose?

Answer 21

Pasta, rice, bread, potatoes, sweets, cakes and biscuits. It is a supply of energy.

Question 22

Where can fat be found? Give its use?

Answer 22

Fat can be found within Oil, butter, margarine, fried foods and red meat. Used for energy and insulation.

Question 23

What is iron used for?

Answer 23

to make red blood cells

Question 24

What is calcium used for?

Answer 24

we need this for strong bones and teeth.

Question 25

What is water needed for?

Answer 25

as a solvent(things to dissolve in it)

Question 26

Why do we need fibre?

Answer 26

In order to help our food get moved along our gut.

Question 27

Give reasons as to why someone might be in favour of animal testing?

Answer 27

They may claim: Animal and human bodies are similar, so we need to use animals to test our drugs. Vaccines against diseases such as polio came from tests on animals. Fewer animal tests will be done in the future, as other methods are developed.

Question 28

Give reasons as to why Someone might not be in favour of animal testing?

Answer 28

They may claim: Tests can be done using computers and by using living cells in test tubes. 95 drugs for treating strokes worked on animals but not in people. The number of tests on animals should be reduced they may cause them stress.

Question 29

What is ‘bioaccumulation’?

Answer 29

chemicals ingested by producers are passed through the food chain, the level of these chemicals increases as we go through the food chain, until when we get to the third stage consumers(carnivores) the level of these chemicals present is very high

Question 30

What are the advantages of genetically modified crops?

Answer 30

Crops could be created that are hardy and able to grow in the tough conditions present in many developing countries. Some crops can provide biofuels. these crops could save natural resources and so conserve the environment. Disease resistant crops could increase yield.

Question 31

What are the disadvantages of genetically modified crops?

Answer 31

Certain genes introduced into a plant may have unforeseen side-effects when consumed by humans. GM crops could spread outside farms and become weeds, which would be difficult to eradicate. If a single company had GM crops it would have complete control over the price.

Question 32

State the purpose of a sensory neuron?

Answer 32

sensory neurons carry impulses from receptors e.g pain receptors in the skin to the CNS (central nervous system)

Question 33

State the purpose of a relay neuron?

Answer 33

Brain/spinal cord carries impulse from sensory nerves to motor nerves.

Question 34

What is the purpose of a motor Neuron?

Answer 34

These carry impulses from the CNS to the effector e.g. a muscle to bring about movement or gland to bring about secretion of a hormone.

Question 35

What is the name given to gaps between cells?

Answer 35

Synapse