Trivia – New World Flashcards
USA wine law
AVA and Appellation of Origin (based on political boundaries)
Anderson Valley grapes
Chardonnay and Pinot Noir
Chenin Blanc appellation in California
Clarksburg
2 valleys creating Central Valley region
Sacramento Valley
San Joaquin Valley
California % of US production
80%
Rockpile grapes
Zinfandel, Petit Syrah, Cabernet
Dry Creek grapes
Zinfandel, Sauvignon Blanc
Fog from San Pablo
Alexander Valley grapes
Cabernet
warm, cooled by Petaluma Gap winds
Knights Valley grapes
Cabernet, Merlot, Chardonnay, SB
surrounded by hills, volcanic soils
sub-zones of Russian river valley
and their climatic differences
Green Valley of Russian River Valley (coolest in region)
Chalk Hill (volcanic soils, warmer)
Petaluma Gap grapes
Pinot Noir, Chardonnay
Napa Mountain AVAs
Mount Veeder Atlas Peak Spring Mountain District Diamond Mountain District Howell Mountain
Napa fog affected AVAs
Los Carneros
Oak Knoll
Coombsville
Napa valley floor (with some cooling influence of fog) AVAs
Yountville
Stags Leap District
Oakville
Rutherford
Napa hot valley floor AVAs
Calistoga
St Helena
Mountain ranges in Napa
Mayacama Mountains (west) Vaca Range (east)
Napa soils
Mountains - thin and poor
Middle and east of valley - silt + clay (Napa river formed)
Alluvial fans - Rutherford Bench - deposited sediments, deep, rocky, moderate fertility
Livermore valley grapes
Chardonnay, Cabernet, Zinfandel, SB
afternoon winds from San Francisco Bay
Oldest wineries in US
Monterey sub-regions
Carmel Valley (warmer)
Arroyo Secco (warmer)
Santa Lucia Highlands
Chalone (limestone, granite)
River going through Monterey
Salinas
Influence cooling Paso Robles
Templeton Gap
Paso Robles soils and grapes
calcaire
Cabernet, Merlot, Zinfandel, Syrah, Rhone varieties
Cooling influence in Edna Valley
cool winds from Morro Bay
Sub-regions of Santa Ynez Valley
Santa Rita Hills (calcium rich soils - Char, PN)
Ballard Canyon
Happy Canyon of Santa Barbara
Los Olivos
Mountain in Santa Barbara County and it’s influence
Transverse Range
east-west orientation facing Pacific - funnels cool breezes in
Which county does NOT permit cellar door sales in US
Santa Barbara County
Oregon soils
Free draining marine sedimentary, volcanic and loess on valley floor
Rainfall in Oregon
High but only in winter
Willamette valley sub-regions
Ribbon Ridge Yamhill-Carlton McMinnville Van Duzer Corridor Chehalem Mountains Dundee Hills Eola-Amity Hills
Dundee hills soils and style
volcanic soils, red iron rich, clay-basalt
high altitude, but still warm - aciditìy and concentration
irrigation in Willamette
prohibited except longest-established producers
Willamette training systems
Scott-Henry on fertile valleys
Cordon or Guyot on slopes
Mountain range in Oregon important for viti
and it’s influence
Coastal Range - blocks rain and cool air from ocean
Mountain range influencing climate of Washington
Cascade Range - blocks Pacific weather and creates dessert like conditions
Washington soils
Basalt bedrock with sandy, silty loess and alluvial top soils
Free-draining and poor - irrigation req.
Warmest, driest places (2) in Washington
Wahluke Slope
Red Mountain
Training system in Finger Lakes
Scott-Henry - fertile soils
Sub-AVAs in Long Island
North Fork
Hamptons
Effect of lake in New York State and Canada
Slopes drain cold air down, warm air raises = vacuum
Lake-effect-snow = insulation
warming influence = longer growing season
Delay of budburst
Moderation of temperature
Lower risk of winter freeze
Higher level of humidity - high fungal disease pressure
Niagara Peninsula soils
Clay, sand, gravel, rocks
Limestone around lakes
Prince Edward County soils and varieties
Limestone plateau - re-radiating heat
Pinot Noir and Chardonnay with extreme acidity
State in Canada where Niagara Peninsula is located
Ontario
Training systems in Canada
Lyre, Geneva Double Curtain, Scott-Henry
VSP
RS in Ice wine
200-250g
Yield of Ice wine compare to still wine
as low as 10% of still wine production
Okanagan valley varieties
cool north - PN, PG, Riesling, Chardonnay, Gewurz
Warm south - Merlot, Cabernet, Syrah
Moderating influence in Okanagan Valley
Chain of lakes which creates the whole valley
Climate in Chile
Warm mediterranean
Soils in Chile
River banks: alluvial and fertile
Coast - gravel, sand, silt
Andes - volcanic, granite
Very limited limestone occurance
Wine law in Chile
6 DO (political boundaries)
sub-regions
Zones
Areas (belonging to sub-region or zone)
Costa
Entre Cordilleras
Andes
Water current affecting Chile
Humbold current
- cold and humid (creates fogs)
Chile wine regions
Coquimbo
Aconcagua
Central Valley
Southern
Dessert in north side of Chile
Atacama
Region with Limestone soils in Chile
Limari Valley
Climate in Argentina
Mostly continental
Wind influencing Argentina
Zonda - hot and dry coming down from Andes
- rain shadow
Argentina soils
mainly alluvial
Andes - large stones + calcaire (poor)
Middle slopes - gravel, sand, silt
Lower down the slopes - deep loamy clay
Choice of irrigation in Argentina
flood irrigation for free-draining soils
- larger amounts in winter, lower in summer
Argentina wine law
IP - large geographical areas IG (or GI) specific areas capable of quality production (mainly political) DOC (with winemaking criteria) only 2 - Lujan de Cuyo - San Rafael
Region (Cuyo) Province (Mendoza) Sub-region (Uco Valley) Department (San Carlos) District (La Consulta) GI within district (Paraje Altamira)
Reserva labelling in Argentina
12 months ageing for red (6 for white)
Gran Reserva - twice as much
Climate in South Aftica
Warm mediterranean
Soils in South Africa
Table Mountain sandstone - irrigated
Foothills of mountains - granite (potential for dry-farming)
Shale - good nutrient level, potential for dry-farming
Mostly very acid soils
2 water current influencing South Africa
Benguela current (cool from south)
Mozambique current (warm from Indian Ocean)
Wind influencing South Africa
Cape Doctor
during spring and summer, extends impact of Benguela current
brings occasional rain and lowers disease and yields
How do they treat acidic soils in SA
with lime treatments
Training in SA
low density with higher fruit load (still cordon or Guyot)
Big 6 varieteis SA
Chenin Blanc, Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay
Cabernet Sauvignon, Shiraz, Pinotage
SA wine law
Wine of Origin
Geographical Unit - large areas (Western Cape)
Region - large area after major feature (Coastal Region)
District - Stellenbosch
Ward - Simonsberg-Stellenbosch
- may or may not be within district
SA single vineyard law
must be registered
planted with single variety
no larger than 6ha
SA sustainability initiatives
Integrated Production of Wine Biodiversity and Wine Initiative Integrity and Sustainability Seal Sustainable Wine South Africa The Wine and Agricultural Ethical Trade Association Fairtrade
Cooling influence affecting Constantia and Stellenbosch
Cool breezes from False Bay
Soils in Stellenbosch
Sand, granite, shale
River flowing through Swartland and Paarl
Berg river
Australia wine law
Zones - usually covers whole states
Regions - distinctive qualities 65
Sub-regions - only 14
Terra Rossa
free-draining iron rich loam over limestone base
- lower vigour, more concentration
Coonawarra
Clare Valley sub-regions for Riesling and their soils and styles
Polish Hill - slate, long ageing
Watervale - limestone, more aromatic and approachable
Cooling influence in McLaren Vale
Cooling breezes from Gulf St Vincent
Soils in Mornington Peninsula
red basalt - possibility of dry-farming
fertile soils around Red Hill
Yarra Valley soils
Upper Yarra - volcanic, fertile - possibility to dry farm
Lower Yarra - clay, poor, irrigated
Cool regions in Victoria
Henty - cool Antarctic winds Macedon Ranges - very continental Geelong - Port Phillip cooling infl Yarra - high humidity, frost risk King Valley - high altitude
Victoria wine regions on Great Dividing Range
Grampians Pyrenees (peppery shiraz) Bendigo Heathcote (high acidity shiraz) Goulburn Valley
Climate in Hunter Valley
nearly tropical and humid
Soils in Hunter Valley
sand and clay
Which mountain shades Tumbarumba (cool region)
Snowy Mountains in Great Dividing Range
Climate in Margaret River
Maritime with high rainfall (falling mainly in winter)
Soils in Margaret River
free draining gravel
Sub-regions in Great Southern, Australia
Mount Barker (more continental) Frankland River (more continental) Porungurup Albany (maritime) Denmark (maritime)
Soils in NZ
fertile but free-draining (irrigation needed)
mainly alluvial
Training in NZ
VSP high trained (convenience, no need for sun reflection)
Scott-Henry for vigorous vineyards
- low density but high yield per vine
Appellation Malborough Wine is:
+ requirements
trademark
must be sustainable certified and bottled in NZ
max yields apply
Sauvignon Blanc only
Climate of NZ
Moderate maritime - north island
Cool maritime - south island
Sub-regions in Hawke’s Bay
Gimlett Gravels - warmer
Bridge Pa - deeper soils
Soils and climate in Hawke’s Bay
similar to Bordeaux
Gravelly alluvial soils
Grapes in Hawke’s Bay
Mainly Merlot (Cabernet really struggles)
Peppery Syrah (small volume but praised)
Martinborough Pinot Noir style
Tannic
Small thick berries because of wind from Cook Strait
Marlborough sub-regions
- soils
- styles produced
Wairau - gravel, silt, loam, clay (more fertile)
- warmer in west
Southern Valleys - more clay, late ripening
- PN reputation
Awatere - cooler, windier
- herbaceous SB
- small thick berry PN with deeper colour
Canterburry sub-regions
- soils
- styles
Waikari - clay-limestone
- strong reputation for PN (Bell Hill)
Waipara Valley - gravel, sand, loam
- lighter styles
Waitaki Valley soils
limestone (North Otago)
Central Otago sub-regions
Alexandra (hottest) Gibbston (highest) Bannockburn (warm, dry, concentrated) Cromwell Bendigo Wanaka
Central Otago soils
Gravel to clay (large variety)
Central Otago climate
Semi-continental, very dry
- high diurnal range
