All the knowledge (or some) Flashcards
1855 Classification
- 60 Properties (Medoc + 1 in Graves)
- 5 tiers (growths)
- 5 First Growths
Aglianico requires a _____ growing season
- long
Alsace Selection De Grand Nobles rules
- Must be botrytis affected
- Must be sweet
- Min sugar at harvest 276g Muscat/Riesling, 306g PG/Gewurz
Alsace Vendages Tardives rules
- No requirement to be botrytis affected
- No requirement to be sweet
- Min sugar at harvest 235g Muscat/Riesling, 256g PG/Gewurz
Argentina - GI hierarchy
- Region
- Province
- Sub Region
- Department
- District
- GI
- DOCs prescribe winemaking (only 2 and not widely used) - ie Luyan de Cuyo
Argentina - Labelling terms for aging
- Reserva (12 Reds/6 White+Rose)
- Gran Reserva (2x)
Argentina - Regions/Provinces
- Cuyo
- Mendoza
- San Juan
- La Rioja
- Salta
- Patagonia
- Neuquin
- Rio Negro
Austria - Burgunland areas
- Neusiedlersee
- Mittleburgenland
- Leithaberg
Austria - DAC
- Per DAC permitted varietals
- Can display origin
- Must pass tasting panel for typicity
- Indicator of regional typicity rather than quality
Austria - Neiderosterreich areas
- Weinvertiel
- Wachau
- Kremstal
- Kamptal
- Wagram
- Thermenregion
Austria Regions
- Neiderosterreich
- Burgunland
- Steirmark
- Wein
Beaujolais Crus (names)
- Saint Amour
- Julienas
- Chenas
- Moulin-a-vent
- Fleurie
- Chiroubles
- Morgon
- Regnie
- Cote de Brouilly/Brouilly
Bordeaux classifications
- 1855
- Graves
- Saint Emillion
- Cru Bourgoise du Medoc
Burgundy - Cote Chalonnaise Principal Appellations
- Bouzeron AOC. (Aligote only)
- Rully AOC (W mainly)
- Mercurey AOC (R mainly)
- Givry AOC (R mainly)
- Montagny AOC (W only)
No GC, only 1er
Burgundy - Cotes de Beaune Principal Appellations
- Aloxe-Corton AOC
- Pernand-Vergelesses AOC
- Ladoix-Serrigny AOC
- Beaune AOC
- Pommard AOC
- Volnay AOC
- Meursault AOC
- Puligny-Montrachet AOC/Chassange Montrachet AOC
- Le Montrachet AOC
- Batard Montrachet AOC
- Saint-Aubin AOC
Burgundy - Cotes de Nuits Principal Appellations
- Gevrey-Chambertin AOC
- Charmes Chambertin AOC
- Chambertin Clos de Beze AOC
- Morey-Saint-Denis AOC
- Clos de Tart AOC
- Clos de la Roche AOC
- Chambolle Musigny AOC
- Bonnes Mares AOC
- Musigny AOC
- Vougeot AOC
- GC is Clos de Vougeot and is LARGER than village
- Vosne-Romanée AOC
- La Tache AOC
- Romanée-Conti AOC
- Nuits-Saint-Georges AOC
- No GC
Burgundy classification
- Regional
- Village
- Premier Cru
- Grand Cru
California - %s for labelling
- Named varietal - 75%
- Named county - 75%
- AVA named - 85%
- Vinyard named - 95%
- Vintage - 95% if AVA named, 85% otherwise
California - Central Coast - AVAs
- Central Coast AVA (450km down the coast)
- Livermore Valley AVA
- Monterey AVA
- Paso Robles AVA
- Santa Maria Valley AVA
- Santa Ynez Valley AVA
California - Central Valley - AVAs
- Lodi AVA (Hot med, cooling breezes in afternoon, many varietals)
- Mokelumne River AVA (Lodi sub, many old vine Zinf)
- Clarksberg AVA (similar climate to Lodi, Chenin, Petite Sirah)
California - Napa (mountainside) - AVAs
- Mount Veeder AVA (West)
- Atlas Peak AVA (East)
- Spring Mountain AVA (East)
- Howell Mountain AVA (West)
- Diamond Mountain District AVA (East)
- (West facing, ie on East - more sun)
California - Napa (valley) - AVAs
- Carneros
- Coombsville
- Oak Knoll
- Yountville
- Stags Leap District
- Oakville
- Rutherford
- St Helena
- Calistoga
- (South to North)
California - Napa - Soils
- Thin, poor on mountains
- Middle/East valley, silt/clay
- Bottom of mountains, alluvial fans (benches), moderate fertility
California - Sierra Foothills - AVAs
- Sierra Foothills AVA (1m ha, OV Zinf, Rhone, Italian, Spanish)
- California Shenandoah Valley AVA
- Fiddletown AVA
- El Dorado AVA
California - Sonoma - AVAs
- Northern Sonoma AVA (Chard, Merlot, PV, Malbec, Zinf, CS, SB, …)
- Sonoma Coast AVA (PN/Chard)
- Sonoma Valley AVA (CS, Merlot, Zinf, Syrah, Chard, SB)
- Chalk Hill AVA (Chard, CS, SB)
- Russian River Valley AVA (Cab, Merlot, Zinf, riper PN/Chard)
California - South Coast - AVAs
- South Coast AVA (LA to Mexico)
Canada - BC - Appellations
- Okanagan Valley
- Similkameen Valley
- Small coastal
- Vancouver Island
- Gulf Island
- Fraser Valley
Canada - Ontario - Appellations
- Niagra Peninsula
- Niagra Escarpment
- Niagra on the Lake
- Lake Erie North Shore
- Prince Edward County
Chablis appellations
- Petit Chablis (higher, cooler)
- Chablis (flat land, North facing)
- Chablis 1er Cru (S/SE facing)
- Chablis GC (S facing)
Chablis GC climats (West to East)
- Bougros ()
- Preuses (Second hand Prius)
- Vaudésir ()
- Grenouilles (Frogs)
- Valmur ()
- Les Clos (A wall)
- Blanchot (Hot blanching water)
More ageworthy as you go East, earlier drinking in West
Chile - Central Valley DOs
- Maipo Valley
- Rapel Valley
- Cachapoal Valley
- Colchagua Valley
- Curico Valley
- Maule Valley
Chile - Coquimbo DOs
- Elqui
- Limari
- Choapa
Chile - DO Hierarchy
- Region
- Sub-Region
- Zone
- Area
Chile - Major Regions
- Coquimbo
- Aconcagua
- Central Valley
- Southern
Chile - Souther Region DOs
- Itata Valley
- Bío Bío Valley
- Malleco Valley
Chile - Aconcagua DOs
- Aconcuaga Valley
- San Antonio Valley
- Casablanca Valley
Climate characteristics
- Maritime - moderated by ocean. Moderate summers, mild winters. Typically west facing coasts.
- Continental - warm/hot summers, cold/cold winters. Mostly uniform precipitation (hail/snow in winter)
- Mediterannean - hot dry summers, cool wet winters
Coulure
Fruit set failure
Cru Bourgoise du Medoc Classification
- 1932
- Superior quality, but below Cru Classe
- As of 2018, chateaux is classified Cru Bourgoise. Cru Bourgoise Superieur, Cru Bourgoise Exceptionnel
Explain La Place de Bordeaux
- Winemaker - estate/winery/coop sell into ‘la place’
- Broker (courtier) takes 2% sells to merchant
- Merchant (negociant) takes 15% and sells to wholesaler/supermarket/agent/importer
- They sell to retails
- Retailer sells to customer
Germany - Einzellage designations
- Erstes Gewachs
- Grosse Gewachs
- Both single vineyard/parcel
- Possible to specify parcel name (Gewann) if registered
Germany - Erstes Gewachs requirements
- Min 85% approved varietal
- Selectively picked (by any means)
- 60hl (70 on steep slopes), min 11% pot alc.
- Dry
- Pass sensory test if ordered
- Release 1 Mar following year
Germany - Grosse Gewachs requirements
- Min 85% approved varietal
- Hand picked
- 50hl, min 12% pot alc.
- Dry
- Pass sensory test
- Release 1 Mar/1 Sept following year (white/red)
Germany - Qualitatswein geography hierarchy
- Anbaugebiet (region - Mosel, etc)
- Region
- Ortwein (village)
- Einzellage (vineyard)
Germany - Quality hierarchy
- Deustcher Wein
- Landwein
- Qualitatswein
- Pradikatwein (within Qualitatswein, higher must weight)
Graves Classification
- 1959
- 16 Classified Chateau all within Pessac Leognan
- No Subdivisions
- Can be for red, white wines, or both
Italy - Appassimento Method
- Style is called Passito
- Picked and stored 3-4 months in aerated lofts to dry, checked/rotated
- Lose 1/3rd weight - higher sugar/potential alcohol, acid, anthocyanin, tannin and concentration
- More glycerol is produced - softer mouth feel
Italy - Barbera DOCs and characteristics
- High acid, relatively low tannin
- Early budding, late ripening
- Barbera d’Asti DOCG
- Nizza DOCG (longer aging - 18m)
- Piemonte DOC (lower concentration wines)
Italy - Bardolino DOC
- Adjacent Lake Garda
- Light bodied reds and roses
- 35-80% Corvina
- Often blended with up to 10% Merlot to boost fruit and get ABV up
Italy - Basilicata DOCs and characteristics
- Aglianico del Vulture [Superiore] DOC[G]
Italy - Campania DOCs and characteristics
- Fiano di Avellino DOCG, Greco di Tufo DOCG, Taurasi DOCG (limestone/clay)
- Campi Flegri DOC, Vesuvio DOC (volcanic/sandy)
Italy - Dolcetto DOCs and characteristics
- Ripens early, reductive, soft extraction to manage tannins
- Deep Ruby, M(+) intensity, M(-) acid, M(+) tannin
- Dolcetto d’Alba DOC
- Dolcetto di Ovada DOC
- Dogliana DOCG
- Piemonte DOC (higher yields)
Italy - Friuli Important DOCs
- Grave del Friuli DOC (high vol mostly)
- Friuli Isonzo DOC
- Collio DOC / Collio Orientali del Friuli DOC (higher quality)
Italy - Lazio DOCs and characteristics
- Frascati DOC / Frascati Superiore DOCG (W)
- Castelli Romani DOC (W)
Italy - Marche DOCs and characteristics
- Verdicchio dei Castelli di Jesi DOC (low hills)
- Verdicchio di Matelica DOC (higher)
- Rosso Piceno [Superiore] DOC / Offida Rosso DOCG
Italy - Montepulciano DOCs and characteristics
- Montepulciano d’Abruzzo DOC (R)
- Cerasuolo d’Abruzzo DOC (85% Montepulciano rose)
- Trebbiano d’Abruzzo (W)
Italy - Multi-region Pinot Grigio DOC?
- Pinot Grigio delle Venezie DOC
- Grapes from Veneto, Friuli and Trentino (not AA)
- Good / Inexpensive - mid price
Italy - Nebbiolo DOCs and characteristics
- Early budding, very late ripening
- Pronounced intensity, high acid, high tannin, high alcohol
- Barolo [Riserva] DOCG (Dry, tannic, 100%, aged 3y2m/5y2m)
- Barbaresco [Riserva] DOCG (subtly riper, shorter aging req - 2/4y)
- Roero/Gattinara/Gheme DOCG (greater diurnal range, higher acid, often blended)
- Langhe Nebbiolo DOC / Nebbiolo d’Alba DOC (early drinking, younger vines, ‘declassified’)
Italy - Puglia DOCs and characteristics
- Inexpensive, generally warm ferments
- Primitivo di Manduria DOC
- Gioia del Colle DOC
Italy - Sardinia DOCs and characteristics
- Cannonau di Sardegna DOC
- Vermentino di Sardegna DOC (high yield)
- Vermentino di Gallura DOCG (lower yields)
- Carignano del Sulcis DOC
Italy - Sicily DOCs and characteristics
- Cerasuolo di Vittoria DOCG (Red)
- Etna Rosso DOC (min 80% Nerello Mascalese)
- Etna Bianco DOC (min 60% Carricante)
- Sicilia DOC
Italy - Soave DOCs
- Soave [Classico] DOC
- Soave Superiore DOCG
- Recioto di Soave DOCG
Italy - Umbria DOCs and characteristics
- Orvieto DOC
- Rosso di Montefalco DOC
- Montefalco Sagrantino DOCG (100%)
Italy - Valpolicella DOCs
- Valpolicella DOC
- Valpolicella Classico DOC
- Valpolicella Valpantena DOC
- Recioto della Valpolicella DOCG (sweet appassimento)
- Amarone della Valpolicella DOCG (dry appassimento)
- Valpolicella Ripasso DOC (unpressed Amarone/Recioto grapes added to Valpolicella wine for refermentation)
- Superiore (option for the above for high ABV/quality)