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HISTO > Trim - Section - Stain > Flashcards

Trim - Section - Stain Flashcards

1
Q

Tissues must be trimmed by at least __ mm of wax

A

2 mm

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2
Q

Trimming using a knife or a blade forming truncated pyramind/ 4 sided prism

A

Coarse trimming

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3
Q

Trimming where block is placed in the microtome setting it at 15 mm

A

Fine trimming

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4
Q

Sectioning thickness for paraffin

A

4-6 um

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5
Q

Sectioning thickness for celloidin

A

10-15 um

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6
Q

Sectioning thickness for frozen

A

10 um

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7
Q

Sectioning thickness for semi thin (glass)

A

0.5-1.0 um

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8
Q

Sectioning thickness for ultrathin (diamond)

A

500-1200 Å or 50-120 um

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9
Q

Section cut is picked up by:

A

Index finger
Camel hairbrush
Spatula
Flat beaded forceps

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10
Q

What to do to tissues that tend to crumble

A

Exhaling gently (reduces static electricity)

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11
Q

A __ & __ cutting stroke produces the best results & least compression

A

slow & uniform

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12
Q

Sections are removed in ribbons of __

A

10

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13
Q

Fishing out is done with a clean slide in a __

A

vertical position

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14
Q

most commonly used adhesive & its composition

A

Mayer’s egg albumin
- egg whites
- glycerin (⬆️ viscosity & no drying)
- thymol crystals (preservative)

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15
Q

Adhesive for cytology

A

APES
3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane)

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16
Q

Adhesive for IHC

A

Poly-L-Lysine

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17
Q

Done to study the architectural pattern of tissue & to enhance contrast

A

Staining

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18
Q

Methylene blue is an example of a __ stain

A

Direct

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19
Q

Gram stain is an example of a __ stain

A

Indirect

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20
Q

Serves as a link between tissue & dye; an integral part of staining rxn

A

Mordant

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21
Q

Hastens the speed of staining rxn but not essential

A

Accentuator

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22
Q

Overstaining & the excess is removed

A

Regressive staining (H&E stain)

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23
Q

Staining in definite sequence, once its stained its not washed/decolorized

A

Progressive stain

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24
Q

Primary dye is a basic dye & the counterstain is acidic (vice versa)

A

Differential staining

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25
Q

Tissues are stained in color shades that are SIMILAR to the color of the dye itself

A

Orthochromic

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26
Q

Staining with a color that is DIFFERENT from that of the stain itself

A

Metachromatic staining

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27
Q

Reduced by argentaffin cells forming black deposits under microscope

A

Ammoniacal silver

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28
Q

Blueing agents

A
  • tap h2o
  • sat. lithium carbonate
  • 0.5% ammonia in dist. h2o
  • ammonium hydroxide
  • scott’s soln
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29
Q

Examples of vital staining done by injecting the dye

A

lithium
india ink
carmine

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30
Q

Example of vital stains done after removal from the living body

A

neutral red
janus green
trypan blue
thionine
nile blue
toluidine blue

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31
Q

Red cytoplasmic counterstain

A

Eosin Y
Eosin B
Phloxine B

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32
Q

Yellow cytoplasmic counterstain

A

Picric acid
Orange G
Rose bengal

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33
Q

Green cytoplasmic counterstain

A

Light green
Lissamine green

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34
Q

Red NUCLEAR counterstain

A

neutral red
safranin O
carmine
hematoxylin

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35
Q

Blue NUCLEAR counterstain

A

methylene blue
toluidine blue
celestine blue

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36
Q

Natural biological stains

A

Cochineal
logwood
veggie extracts

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37
Q

Synthetic biological stains

A

Aniline
Coal tar

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38
Q

Oxidation of hematoxylin

A

Ripening

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39
Q

Ripening that exposes the substance to air/sun for 4 months

A

Natural ripening

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40
Q

Accelerates ripening process

A

Artificial ripening

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41
Q

Hematoxylin extracted from the core wood of a mexican tree called

A

Haematoxylon campechianum

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42
Q

Active coloring agent of hematoxylin

A

Hematein

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43
Q

oxidation leading to production of other useless compounds

A

Over-ripening

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44
Q

Hematein has __ affinity for tissues but becomes __ when combined with __ mordant

A

little affinity
strong
mettallic mordant (alum, iron, chromium & copper salts)

45
Q

Erlich’s hematoxylin
Artificial ripening agent:
Oxi stabilizer:
NOT ideal for:

A

Artificial ripening agent: Sodium iodate
Oxi stabilizer: Glycerin
NOT ideal for: frozen sections

46
Q

Harris hematoxylin
Artificial ripening agent
- orig:
- now:
Used in:

A

OG: Mercuric chloride
Now: Sodium iodate
Used in: Exfoliative cytology

47
Q

Hematoxylin used for differential or REGRESSIVE staining

A

Iron hematoxylin

48
Q

Weigert’s hematoxylin
Oxidizing agent & mordant:
Used for:

A

Ferric chloride
muscle fibers & connective tissues

49
Q

Heidenhain’s hematoxylin
Oxidizing agent & mordant:
Used for:

A

Ferric ammonium sulfate
nuclear inclusions

50
Q

Loyez hematoxylin
Verhoeff’s hematoxylin

A

Iron hematoxylin

51
Q

Artificially ripened by potassium permanganate & 15% aq phosphotungstic acid as mordant

A

Tungsten hematoxylin

52
Q

Study for spermatogenesis

A

Copper hematoxylin

53
Q

Old histologic dye from female Coccus cacti
treated w/ alum to make __

A

Cochineal dye
Carmine

54
Q

Best’s carmine stain for

55
Q

Picrocarmine used for

A

neuropathological studies

56
Q

Staining for elastic fibers

57
Q

From the dried stigmata of Crocus sativus

58
Q

substances that are capable of producing color

A

chromophore

59
Q

impart color to tissue but NOT permanent

A

chromogens

60
Q

substances added to chromogen to retain its color

A

auxochrome

61
Q

auxochrome + chromophore =

62
Q

Neutral dyes examples

A

Romanowsky
Irishman’s
Giemsa

63
Q

Used to stain hemoglobin

64
Q

Known as an indicator

65
Q

Oldest of all stain

66
Q

Bacteria spore stain & for ascaris eggs

A

Malachite green

67
Q

Mitochondria stain

A

Janus Green B

68
Q

Counterstain to hematoxylin

69
Q

Contrast stain for
- gram’s
- acid fast
- pap’s
- diptheria

A

Bismark brown

70
Q

Contrast stain for acid fuchsin using Van Gieson’s
counterstain to crystal violet

A

Picric acid

71
Q

Stain for Nissle granules

A

Toluidine Blue

72
Q

Intravital stain for the circulatory system

A

Prussian Blue (iron stain)

73
Q

Both glycogen & mucin are stained with

A

Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) technique

74
Q

Color of glycogen with Langhan’s iodine method (Charleton’s)

A

Mahogany brown

75
Q

Breakdown products within cells from oxidation of lipids & lipoproteins

A

Lipofuscin/lipochrome pigments

76
Q

NOT A REAL DYE

A

Oil soluble dyes (Lysochromes)

77
Q

Most sensitive of the oil soluble dyes

A

Sudan Black

78
Q

Staining for triglycerides = DEEP RED

A

Sudan IV (Scharlach R)

79
Q

Good fat stain for CNS = lighter orange stain

80
Q

Protein stains

A

Alkaline fast-green (histones)
Peracetic acid-alcian blue (cystine)
Sakaguchi’s test (arginine)

81
Q

Nucleic acid stains

A

Feulgen (DNA - red purple)
Methyl green (DNA - green)
Acridine orange (DNA - yellow green)

82
Q

Non-specific esterase stains

A

a-napthol acetate
indole acetate

83
Q

Peroxidase reaction for

A

myeloid cells (+ neutro)

84
Q

Stain for reticulin fibers

A

Gomori’s silver

85
Q

Stain for collagen

A

Van Gieson’s

86
Q

Stain for muscles & bone

A

Mallory’s phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin (PTAH)

87
Q

Stain for Neurons, Axons, Neurofibrils

A

Bielschowsky’s

88
Q

Stain for myelin

A

Luxol fast blue (blue green)

89
Q

Stain for astrocytes

A

Cajal’s Gold sublimate (Black)

90
Q

Iron-containing pigment

A

Hemosiderin

91
Q

Iron-free pigment of hemoglobin

A

Hematoidin

92
Q

Hemoglobin - globin
in old blood clots

93
Q

Black granule formed by malarial parasites in RBCs

94
Q

Non-hematogenous

A

melanin
chromaffin
lipofuscin

95
Q

Most common exogenous pigment as jet-black pigments in lungs

96
Q

Osmium tetraoxide deposits can be removed by

97
Q

Stains for calcium

A

Von Kossa’s silver nitrate

98
Q

Stain for copper (wilson dss)

A

Linguist’s mod rhodamine

99
Q

Helicobacter stain

A

Toluidine Blue

100
Q

Stain for fungi

A

Grocott methanamine silver (GMS)

101
Q

Stain for HBsAg

102
Q

Leprosy & Nocardia stain

103
Q

Stains for sphirochetes

A

Levaditi
Warthin-Starry
Mod. steiner
Dieterle

104
Q

Stains for EM

A

“PaUL”
Phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin (PTAH)
Uranyl acetate
Lead

105
Q

Have the densest chromatin (on H&E staining)

A

Lymphocytes

106
Q

Show more open chromatin pattern (on H&E staining)

A

Epithelial cells

107
Q

Properly stained sections should show __ shades of Eosin stain

108
Q

Chief solvents used for stains

A

Water
Alcohol
Aniline Water
Phenol

HISTO (8 decks)

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