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HISTO > Dehydrate - Clear - Impreg - Embed > Flashcards

Dehydrate - Clear - Impreg - Embed Flashcards

1
Q

Most common processing problem

A

Incomplete dehydration

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2
Q

Addition of this at the bottom of the container accelerates dehydration & a __ discoloration will indicate full saturation

A

Copper sulfate (1/4 in thick) w/ filter paper
Blue

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3
Q

Alcohol dehydrating agents
Most common:
Toxic:
Versatile:
Slow

A

Most common: Ethyl alcohol
Toxic: Methyl
Versatile: Isopropyl
Slow: Butyl

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4
Q

Excellent dehydrating & clearing agent

A

Dioxane

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5
Q

Uses pure dioxane & paraffin

A

Graupner

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6
Q

Tissues wrapped in a gauze & submerged in dioxane w/ calcium oxide/quicklime

A

Weisberge

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7
Q

Best universal solvent dehydrating & clearing agent

A

Tetrahydrofuran (THF)

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8
Q

Dehydrating agents for EM
Dehydrating agent:
Transition fluid:
- substitute:

A

Dehydrating agent: Ethanol
Transition fluid: Propylene oxide
- substitute: Acetonitrile

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9
Q

Clearing is also known as

A

Dealcoholization

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10
Q

Clearing agent should be __ the volume of the tissue

A

10x

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11
Q

Must be miscible with alcohol & doesnt evaporate quickly

A

Good clearing agent

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12
Q

Most commonly used & most rapid clearing agent

A

Xylene

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13
Q

Not suitable for nervous tissue & lymph nodes
& becomes milky with incomplete dehydration

A

Xylene

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14
Q

Used for tough tissues, nervous tissues, embryos & lymph nodes

A

Chloroform

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15
Q

It does not make the tissue transparent & is toxic to liver after prolonged exposure

A

Chloroform

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16
Q

Rapid acting clearing agent but highly inflammable &
causes aplastic anemia & damage to BM

A

Benzene

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17
Q

Substitute for benzene & xylene

A

Toluene

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18
Q

Recommended for CNS & smooth muscle & skin in both paraffin & celloidin sections

A

Cedarwood oil

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19
Q

Becomes milky after prolonged storage & clears extremely slow

A

cedarwood oil

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20
Q

Recommended for delicate specimens (insects)

A

Aniline oil

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21
Q

Quality is not guaranteed due to its tendency to become adulterated

A

Clove oil

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22
Q

slow clearing agents used during double embedding technique

A

Methyl benzoate & methyl salicylate (oil of wintergreen)

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23
Q

Earliest transition solvent

A

Terpene (Limonene)

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24
Q

Xylene substitute & nitrocellulose solvent

A

N-Butyl acetate

25
Q

Clearing agent is completely removed & replaced by a medium that completely fills all the tissue cavities

A

Impregnation/Infiltration

26
Q

Most important step in embedding

A

Orientation

27
Q

Simplest, most common & best embedding for routine tissue processing

A

Paraffin

28
Q

Fresh wax must be __ before use

A

Filtered

29
Q

Paraffin oven must be maintained at a temp of

A

56°C

30
Q

Paraffin wax may be used only

A

Twice (2x)

31
Q

Coarse filter paper used for filtering

A

Green’s No. 904

32
Q

Manual processing
At least __ changes of wax at __ mins intervals to ensure complete removal
__ hours to ensure complete embedding

A

4 changes
15 mins
3 hrs

33
Q

Automatic processing (embed)
__ processing steps
Wax bath temp: __ above the MP of wax

A

12 steps
3°C above
“FDCI”

34
Q

Recommended for urgent biopsies, delicate & decalcified bones
Impregnation under negative atmospheric pressure

A

Vacuum embedding

35
Q

Highly purified paraffin & synthetic plastic polymer
For large dense tissue blocks

A

Paraplast (56-57°C)

36
Q

Synthetic wax subtitute for embedding

A

Embeddol (56-58°C)

37
Q

Recommended for embedding eyes

A

Bioloid

38
Q

Paraffin with rubber

A

Tissue mat

39
Q

Used for impregnation w/o prior clearing of tissue & done using a heavy-duty microtome

A

Ester wax

40
Q

Water-soluble wax suitable for enzyme histochemical studies

A

Carbowax

41
Q

When using carbowax, you can’t use water for tissues to float on so use:

A

Pearse soln
Blank & McCarthy soln

42
Q

When using celloidin
No __ is required & the resultant block has a __ consistency

A

Heat
Rubbery

43
Q

Celloidin method used for bones, teeth & whole organs
tissue stored at 70-80% alcohol

A

Wet celloidin method

44
Q

Preferred for processing whole eyes
Uses Gilson’s mixture (composition?)

A

Dry celloidin method
Equal parts of chloroform & cedarwood oil

45
Q

Another form of soluble celloidin but w/ ether & alcohol that can penetrate tissue quickly

A

Low Viscosity Nitrocellulose (LVN)

46
Q

Infiltrated w/ Celloidin
Embedded in Paraffin

A

Double embedding method

47
Q

Embedded method where dehydration is avoided
For histochemical & enzyme studies
prevents fragmentation

A

Gelatin method

48
Q

Gelatin method
Impregnating medium should be at least __ the vol of tissue
addition of __ prevents the growth of molds

A

25x
1% phenol

49
Q

Superior embedding method results for light microscopy (undecalcified bone) but used for EM

A

Plastic method

50
Q

Component of epoxy plastic that is known to be a carcinogen

A

Vinyl cyclohexane dioxide (VCD)

51
Q

Epoxy plastic:
aka Araldite

A

Bisphenol A

52
Q

Epoxy plastic:
aka EPON

A

Glycerol

53
Q

Epoxy plastic:
aka SPURR

A

cyclohexane dioxide

54
Q

plastic method:
Includes polyglycol methacrylate (GMA) & methyl methacrylate (MMA) used for LM

A

Acrylic

55
Q

2 ‘L’ shaped strips w/ heavy brass

A

Leukhart’s embedding mold

56
Q

Interlocking plates resting on a flat metal base forming several compartments

A

Compound embedding units

57
Q

Disposable embedding molds that gives perfect even block w/o trimming

A

peel-away

58
Q

Disposable embedding molds normally for celloidin

A

paper boat

59
Q

Disposable embedding molds recommended for busy labs

A

plastic ice trays

HISTO (8 decks)

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