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HISTO > General Patho > Flashcards

General Patho Flashcards

1
Q

Father of Modern Pathology

A

Rudolf Virchow

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2
Q

Incomplete development, represented only by a mass of fatty/fibrous tissue

A

Aplasia

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3
Q

Complete non-appearance/absence of organ

A

Agenesia

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4
Q

Failure to reach full maturity of organs

A

Hypoplasia

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5
Q

Failure to form an opening

A

Atresia

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6
Q

Acquired decrease in size

A

Atrophy

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7
Q

Naturally occurring atrophy (aging)

A

Physiologic atrophy

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8
Q

Atrophy in consequence of a disease

A

Pathologic atrophy

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9
Q

Hypertrophy due to increased workload/endocrine stimulation

A

True hypertrophy

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10
Q

hypertrophy due to edema fluid & CT proliferation

A

False hypertrophy

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11
Q

Hypertrophy that involves 1 of the paired organ due to removal/functional insufficiency

A

Compensatory hypertrophy

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12
Q

Disordered growth; variation in size, shape & orientation

A

Dysplasia

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13
Q

Reversible but prone to malignant transformation (adaptation to chronic injury)

A

Metaplasia

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14
Q

Regressive changes towards a more primitive/embryonic cell type

A

Anaplasia

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15
Q

Pathologic overgrowth of tissue

A

Neoplasia

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16
Q

5 cardinal signs of inflammation

A
  1. Rubor/redness
  2. Calor/heat
  3. Tumor/swell
  4. Dolor/pain
  5. Functio laesa/loss of fxn
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17
Q

exudate that is watery, low-protein fluid from blood/cells

A

serous (inflammation)

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18
Q

exudate due to hyper secretion of mucus

A

catarrhal

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19
Q

cellular attempt to contain an offending agent that is hard to kill

A

Granuloma formation

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20
Q

Caseating granuloma

A

TB

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21
Q

non-caseating granuloma

A

leprosy

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22
Q

gumma

A

syphilis

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23
Q

rounded or stellate granuloma

A

cat-scratch disease

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24
Q

A local defect/excavation on the surface of an organ due to sloughing

A

ulcers

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25
Q

cells are enlarged
PM are disrupted
with adjacent inflammation

A

Necrosis

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26
Q

shrinkage of cells
fragmentation
PM is intact

A

Apoptosis

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27
Q

necrosis/apoptosis?

large, acidophilic & with fat droplets

A

necrosis

28
Q

necrosis that happens when arterial supply is cut off
hallmark is conversion of normal cells into “tombstones”

A

coagulative necrosis

29
Q

necrosis that is rapid total enzymatic dissolution of cells (eg brain)

A

liquefactive

30
Q

necrosis involving a peculiar destruction of adipose tissue (eg pancreas)

A

fat

31
Q

necrosis that happens when cells are converted into granular, friable mass made up of coagulated protein/fat

A

caseous

32
Q

necrosis that combines ischemia & superimposed bacterial contamination

A

gangrenous

33
Q

Active elements of the tumor

A

parenchyma

34
Q

connective tissue framework w/ lymphatic & vascular channels

A

stroma

35
Q

cancer wherein there are more cells than supporting tissue
soft & very malignant

A

medullary

36
Q

cancer where there is more connective tissue than cells
stony/hard

A

scirrhous

37
Q

Benign epithelial neoplasms producing finger-like/warty projections

A

papilloma

38
Q

Benign tumors arising from glands

A

adrenal

39
Q

malignant tumors arising from epithelial origin

A

carcinoma

40
Q

malignant tumor arising from connective tissues (mesenchymal)

A

sarcoma

41
Q

general rule of grading tumors

A

well-differentiated tumors are less malignant

42
Q

Grade __
Differentiated cells: 100-75%
Undifferentiated cells: 0-25%

A

Grade 1

43
Q

Grade 2
Differentiated cells:
Undifferentiated cells:

A

75-50%
25-50%

44
Q

Grade __
Differentiated cells: 50-25%
Undifferentiated cells:

A

Grade 3
50-75%

45
Q

Grade __
Differentiated cells: 25-0%
Undifferentiated cells: 75-100%

A

Grade 4

46
Q

TNM system of cancer staging:
in situ lesion

A

T0

47
Q

TNM system of cancer staging:
increasing size

A

T1-T4

48
Q

TNM system of cancer staging:
no nodal involvement

A

N0

49
Q

TNM system of cancer staging:
increasing # and range of nodes

A

N1-N3

50
Q

TNM system of cancer staging:
no distant metastasis

A

M0

51
Q

TNM system of cancer staging:
presence of metastasis

A

M1

52
Q

Death or complete cessation of metabolic/functional activities

A

somatic death

53
Q

3 primary signs/changes of death

A
  1. circulatory failure
  2. respiratory failure
  3. nervous failure
54
Q

flatline EEG

A

nervous failure

55
Q

1st demonstrable change observed
cooling of body 7°C/hr

A

Algor mortis

56
Q

rigidity/stiffening of muscles
6-12 hrs after death up to 2-3 days

A

Rigor mortis

57
Q

purple discoloration

A

livor mortis

58
Q

occurs after death
separation of RBCs from fluid phase “chicken fat” appearance
currant jelly shaped vessels “rubbery”

A

post-mortem clot

59
Q

occurs before death
friable & precipitation of fibrin
not rubbery in consistency

A

Ante-mortem clot

60
Q

drying & wrinkling of the cornea

A

dessication

61
Q

production of foul-smelling gases (cadaverine) by saprophytic orgs

A

putrefaction

62
Q

self-digestion of cells

A

autolysis

63
Q

Certificate of Death (Municipal form no. 103)
modified by __
what are the changes

A

by WHO
From blue to WHITE paper
Relase 4 copies (registrant, office of civil registrar & attendant at death, filing)

64
Q

1st manifestation of almost all forms of injury to cell

A

cloudy swelling

65
Q

abnormal accumulation of fat
most affected organ:

A

Fatty degeneration
Liver

HISTO (8 decks)

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